类变量继承

类变量继承

项目上发现一个bug。是类变量覆盖的问题，由此记录一下。基类类变量不可用super等方式赋值。注意其是类变量

1. 如果该变量在该类中有定义，则使用该值。
2. 如果没有，将搜索父类,多继承时采用C3方法，一般不存在交叉的类都是从左到右顺序搜索。搜索过程中如果前面父类的值被重新赋值，则类变量值将改变成该值

class BaseClass(object):
    base_info = None

    def __init__(self, base_info):
        BaseClass.base_info = base_info


class ClassA(BaseClass):

    def __init__(self, base_info):
        super(ClassA, self).__init__(base_info)


class ClassB(BaseClass):

    def __init__(self, base_info):
        super(ClassB, self).__init__(base_info)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print 'dir:%s' % dir(BaseClass)
    print 'dir:%s' % dir(ClassA)
    print 'dir:%s' % dir(ClassB)

    print 'mro base:%s \n classA:%s \n classB:%s' % (BaseClass.mro(), ClassA.mro(), ClassB.mro())
    print 'BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (BaseClass.base_info, ClassA.base_info, ClassB.base_info)
    print 'ID BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (id(BaseClass.base_info), id(ClassA.base_info), id(ClassB.base_info))

    class_a = ClassA(1)
    print 'BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (BaseClass.base_info, ClassA.base_info, ClassB.base_info)
    print 'ID BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (id(BaseClass.base_info), id(ClassA.base_info), id(ClassB.base_info))

    class_b = ClassB(2)
    print 'BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (BaseClass.base_info, ClassA.base_info, ClassB.base_info)
    print 'ID BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (id(BaseClass.base_info), id(ClassA.base_info), id(ClassB.base_info))

使用以上方式修改会修改的是BaseClass的类变量。所以对base_info 执行 id(), 得到的地址是一致的。结果如下：

dir:['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'base_info']
dir:['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'base_info']
dir:['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', 'base_info']
mro base:[<class '__main__.BaseClass'>, <type 'object'>] 
 classA:[<class '__main__.ClassA'>, <class '__main__.BaseClass'>, <type 'object'>] 
 classB:[<class '__main__.ClassB'>, <class '__main__.BaseClass'>, <type 'object'>]
BaseClass:None class_a_info:None class_b_info:None
ID BaseClass:4326135416 class_a_info:4326135416 class_b_info:4326135416
BaseClass:1 class_a_info:1 class_b_info:1
ID BaseClass:140451702124936 class_a_info:140451702124936 class_b_info:140451702124936
BaseClass:2 class_a_info:2 class_b_info:2
ID BaseClass:140451702124912 class_a_info:140451702124912 class_b_info:140451702124912

单独配置变量

在子类继承中设置变量，就变成了子类的类变量。这样就不会共享。如下方式。

class BaseClass(object):
    base_info = None


class ClassA(BaseClass):
    base_info = 1


class ClassB(BaseClass):

    base_info = 2


if __name__ == '__main__':
    print 'dir:%s' % dir(BaseClass)
    print 'dir:%s' % dir(ClassA)
    print 'dir:%s' % dir(ClassB)

    print 'mro base:%s \n classA:%s \n classB:%s' % (BaseClass.mro(), ClassA.mro(), ClassB.mro())
    print 'BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (BaseClass.base_info, ClassA.base_info, ClassB.base_info)
    print 'ID BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (id(BaseClass.base_info), id(ClassA.base_info), id(ClassB.base_info))

    # class_a = ClassA(1)
    print 'BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (BaseClass.base_info, ClassA.base_info, ClassB.base_info)
    print 'ID BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (id(BaseClass.base_info), id(ClassA.base_info), id(ClassB.base_info))

    # class_b = ClassB(2)
    print 'BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (BaseClass.base_info, ClassA.base_info, ClassB.base_info)
    print 'ID BaseClass:%s class_a_info:%s class_b_info:%s' % (id(BaseClass.base_info), id(ClassA.base_info), id(ClassB.base_info))