今天是我第一次处理json编、解码，也是第一次使用gson，这里记录一些学习中的笔记。
对比之下可以发现，gson在处理Map类型时，不需要专门定义类型适配器来做类型转换，算是一个优点吧。
json是什么
看到 { "firstName": "Brett", "lastName":"McLaughlin", "email": "aaaa" } 这样的字符串时，不由的让我想起几年前看过一本讲述javascript编程的书籍，前言里提到javascript世界里对对象的定义，非常简短，但富有内涵，翻译之后为“对象是名、值对的组合”。这是json给我的第一感觉。
百度百科里有个词条介绍了json，这里就不重复说明了。重点是json在web的javascript编程中应用非常多，使用时非常灵活、方便。json的格式很简单，大致上可以如下概括，{和}表示对象，[和]表示数组，加上名、值对，组成了json的格式。
简单入门
下面的代码演示了非常简单的场景，包含一个简单的Java Bean和使用gson进行编码和解码的操作。
首先是Java Bean的定义，为了简化定义，样例中使用了lombok来生成get/set以及toString、hashCode、equals方法。
- @Data
- class Person {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- }
@Data
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
}
- import lombok.Data;
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- public class JsonTest {
- public static void main(final String[] args) {
- final Gson gson = new Gson();
- final Persion jack = new Person();
- jack.setAge(222);
- jack.setName("Jackie");
- final String json = gson.toJson(jack);
- final Person jack2 = gson.fromJson(json, Person.class);
- System.out.println(jack.equals(jack2));
- System.out.println("jack = " + jack);
- System.out.println("jack2 = " + jack2);
- System.out.println(json);
- }
- }
import lombok.Data;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
public class JsonTest {
public static void main(final String[] args) {
final Gson gson = new Gson();
final Persion jack = new Person();
jack.setAge(222);
jack.setName("Jackie");
final String json = gson.toJson(jack);
final Person jack2 = gson.fromJson(json, Person.class);
System.out.println(jack.equals(jack2));
System.out.println("jack = " + jack);
System.out.println("jack2 = " + jack2);
System.out.println(json);
}
}
如前述，样例很简单，应当不需要注释说明。如下是上述代码的执行结果。
- true
- jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=222)
- jack2 = Person(name=Jackie, age=222)
- {"name":"Jackie","age":222}
true
jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=222)
jack2 = Person(name=Jackie, age=222)
{"name":"Jackie","age":222}
进阶一，处理数组
比如面对类似 [{"name":"Jackie","age":30},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1}] 这样的json格式的字符串需要解析处理，这时该如何处理？解决方法见下面的样例代码。
- import lombok.Data;
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- public class JsonTest {
- public static void main(final String[] args) {
- final Gson gson = new Gson();
- final Person jack1 = new Person();
- jack1.setAge(30);
- jack1.setName("Jackie");
- final Person jack2 = new Person();
- jack2.setAge(1);
- jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
- final String json = gson.toJson(new Person[] { jack1, jack2 });
- System.out.println(json);
- final Person[] jacks = gson.fromJson(json, Person[].class);// 这里的语法很有意思，平时很难想到这样写也可以通过编译
- for (final Person person : jacks) {
- System.out.println("jack = " + person);
- }
- }
- }
import lombok.Data;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
public class JsonTest {
public static void main(final String[] args) {
final Gson gson = new Gson();
final Person jack1 = new Person();
jack1.setAge(30);
jack1.setName("Jackie");
final Person jack2 = new Person();
jack2.setAge(1);
jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
final String json = gson.toJson(new Person[] { jack1, jack2 });
System.out.println(json);
final Person[] jacks = gson.fromJson(json, Person[].class);// 这里的语法很有意思，平时很难想到这样写也可以通过编译
for (final Person person : jacks) {
System.out.println("jack = " + person);
}
}
}
- [{"name":"Jackie","age":30},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1}]
- jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30)
- jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1)
[{"name":"Jackie","age":30},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1}]
jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30)
jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1)
进阶二，处理复杂对象
前面的样例中，用于测试的Person类成员都是简单类型，没有包含其它自定义的成员。下面给出的样例中会为Person类增加表示联系方式的成员，这个成员是一个自定义的对象，看看会有什么不同。
改进后的Person类。
- @Data
- class Person {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private Contact contact;
- }
- @Data
- class Contact {
- private String email;
- private String phoneno;
- }
@Data
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private Contact contact;
}
@Data
class Contact {
private String email;
private String phoneno;
}
- import lombok.Data;
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- public class JsonTest {
- public static void main(final String[] args) {
- final Gson gson = new Gson();
- final Person jack1 = new Person();
- jack1.setAge(30);
- jack1.setName("Jackie");
- final Contact contact = new Contact();
- contact.setEmail("email");
- contact.setPhoneno("phoneno");
- jack1.setContact(contact);
- final Person jack2 = new Person();
- jack2.setAge(1);
- jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
- jack2.setContact(new Contact());
- final Person jack3 = new Person();
- jack3.setAge(1);
- jack3.setName("Jackie Mom");
- final String json = gson.toJson(new Person[] { jack1, jack2, jack3 });
- System.out.println(json);
- final Person[] jacks = gson.fromJson(json, Person[].class);
- for (final Person person : jacks) {
- System.out.println("jack = " + person);
- }
- }
- }
import lombok.Data;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
public class JsonTest {
public static void main(final String[] args) {
final Gson gson = new Gson();
final Person jack1 = new Person();
jack1.setAge(30);
jack1.setName("Jackie");
final Contact contact = new Contact();
contact.setEmail("email");
contact.setPhoneno("phoneno");
jack1.setContact(contact);
final Person jack2 = new Person();
jack2.setAge(1);
jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
jack2.setContact(new Contact());
final Person jack3 = new Person();
jack3.setAge(1);
jack3.setName("Jackie Mom");
final String json = gson.toJson(new Person[] { jack1, jack2, jack3 });
System.out.println(json);
final Person[] jacks = gson.fromJson(json, Person[].class);
for (final Person person : jacks) {
System.out.println("jack = " + person);
}
}
}
- [{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}},{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}]
- jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact=Contact(email=email, phoneno=phoneno))
- jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact=Contact(email=null, phoneno=null))
- jack = Person(name=Jackie Mom, age=1, contact=null)
[{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}},{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}]
jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact=Contact(email=email, phoneno=phoneno))
jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact=Contact(email=null, phoneno=null))
jack = Person(name=Jackie Mom, age=1, contact=null)
1、当成员包含有意义的字段时，生成的json串中将会看到成员的内部字段被 {}包括起来，比如对象Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact=Contact(email=email, phoneno=phoneno))，对应的json串为{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}}。
2、当成员不为null，但其内部没有有意义的字段时，对象的json串中将会使用 {} 来表示对应的成员，比如对象Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact=Contact(email=null, phoneno=null))，其对应的json串为{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}}。
3、当成员为null时，对象的json串中将不包含对应的成员信息，比如对象Person(name=Jackie Mom, age=1, contact=null)，对应的json串为{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}。
进阶三，处理容器
容器的处理比较简，有了前述的使用经验，相信这部分代码不需要再做详细的说明。下面是对List类型的处理，唯一看起来复杂的地方即是使用TypeAdapter生成了泛型的类型对象，原理比较复杂，不过实地使用时，照猫画虎即可。
- import java.lang.reflect.Type;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.List;
- import lombok.Data;
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
- public class JsonTest {
- public static void main(final String[] args) {
- final Gson gson = new Gson();
- final Person jack1 = new Person();
- jack1.setAge(30);
- jack1.setName("Jackie");
- final Contact contact = new Contact();
- contact.setEmail("email");
- contact.setPhoneno("phoneno");
- jack1.setContact(contact);
- final Person jack2 = new Person();
- jack2.setAge(1);
- jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
- jack2.setContact(new Contact());
- final Person jack3 = new Person();
- jack3.setAge(1);
- jack3.setName("Jackie Mom");
- final String json = gson.toJson(Arrays.asList(jack1, jack2, jack3));
- System.out.println(json);
- final Type personListType = new TypeToken<List<Person>>() {
- }.getType();
- final List<Person> jacks = gson.fromJson(json, personListType);
- for (final Person person : jacks) {
- System.out.println("jack = " + person);
- }
- }
- }
- @Data
- class Person {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private Contact contact;
- }
- @Data
- class Contact {
- private String email;
- private String phoneno;
- }
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import lombok.Data;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
public class JsonTest {
public static void main(final String[] args) {
final Gson gson = new Gson();
final Person jack1 = new Person();
jack1.setAge(30);
jack1.setName("Jackie");
final Contact contact = new Contact();
contact.setEmail("email");
contact.setPhoneno("phoneno");
jack1.setContact(contact);
final Person jack2 = new Person();
jack2.setAge(1);
jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
jack2.setContact(new Contact());
final Person jack3 = new Person();
jack3.setAge(1);
jack3.setName("Jackie Mom");
final String json = gson.toJson(Arrays.asList(jack1, jack2, jack3));
System.out.println(json);
final Type personListType = new TypeToken<List<Person>>() {
}.getType();
final List<Person> jacks = gson.fromJson(json, personListType);
for (final Person person : jacks) {
System.out.println("jack = " + person);
}
}
}
@Data
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private Contact contact;
}
@Data
class Contact {
private String email;
private String phoneno;
}
- [{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}},{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}]
- [{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}]
- jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact=Contact(email=email, phoneno=phoneno))
- jack = Person(name=Jackie Mom, age=1, contact=null)
[{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}},{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}]
[{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Mom","age":1}]
jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact=Contact(email=email, phoneno=phoneno))
jack = Person(name=Jackie Mom, age=1, contact=null)
- import java.lang.reflect.Type;
- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
- import lombok.Data;
- import com.google.gson.Gson;
- import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
- public class JsonTest {
- public static void main(final String[] args) {
- final Gson gson = new Gson();
- final Person jack1 = new Person();
- jack1.setAge(30);
- jack1.setName("Jackie");
- jack1.putValue("email", "email");
- jack1.putValue("phoneno", "phoneno");
- final Person jack2 = new Person();
- jack2.setAge(1);
- jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
- final Person jack3 = new Person();
- jack3.setAge(1);
- jack3.setName("Jackie Boy");
- final Contact contacts = new Contact();
- contacts.setEmail("email");
- contacts.setPhoneno("phoneno");
- jack3.putValue("contacts", contacts);
- final String json = gson.toJson(Arrays.asList(jack1, jack2, jack3));
- System.out.println(json);
- final Type personListType = new TypeToken<List<Person>>() {
- }.getType();
- final List<Person> jacks = gson.fromJson(json, personListType);
- for (final Person person : jacks) {
- System.out.println("jack = " + person);
- }
- }
- }
- @Data
- class Person {
- private String name;
- private int age;
- private Map<String, Object> contact;
- // private Contact contact;
- public Person() {
- contact = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- }
- public void putValue(final String key, final Object value) {
- contact.put(key, value);
- }
- }
- @Data
- class Contact {
- private String email;
- private String phoneno;
- }
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import lombok.Data;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.reflect.TypeToken;
public class JsonTest {
public static void main(final String[] args) {
final Gson gson = new Gson();
final Person jack1 = new Person();
jack1.setAge(30);
jack1.setName("Jackie");
jack1.putValue("email", "email");
jack1.putValue("phoneno", "phoneno");
final Person jack2 = new Person();
jack2.setAge(1);
jack2.setName("Jackie Boy");
final Person jack3 = new Person();
jack3.setAge(1);
jack3.setName("Jackie Boy");
final Contact contacts = new Contact();
contacts.setEmail("email");
contacts.setPhoneno("phoneno");
jack3.putValue("contacts", contacts);
final String json = gson.toJson(Arrays.asList(jack1, jack2, jack3));
System.out.println(json);
final Type personListType = new TypeToken<List<Person>>() {
}.getType();
final List<Person> jacks = gson.fromJson(json, personListType);
for (final Person person : jacks) {
System.out.println("jack = " + person);
}
}
}
@Data
class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private Map<String, Object> contact;
// private Contact contact;
public Person() {
contact = new HashMap<String, Object>();
}
public void putValue(final String key, final Object value) {
contact.put(key, value);
}
}
@Data
class Contact {
private String email;
private String phoneno;
}
代码的输出如下。
- [{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{"contacts":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}}}]
- jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact={email=email, phoneno=phoneno})
- jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact={})
- jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact={contacts={email=email, phoneno=phoneno}})
[{"name":"Jackie","age":30,"contact":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{}},{"name":"Jackie Boy","age":1,"contact":{"contacts":{"email":"email","phoneno":"phoneno"}}}]
jack = Person(name=Jackie, age=30, contact={email=email, phoneno=phoneno})
jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact={})
jack = Person(name=Jackie Boy, age=1, contact={contacts={email=email, phoneno=phoneno}})
对比之下可以发现，gson在处理Map类型时，不需要专门定义类型适配器来做类型转换，算是一个优点吧。
======================================
如下是牢骚，和技术无关。
======================================
最近项目里需要和一个新产品对接，看到接口文档的时候，我和小伙伴们都震惊了。对方给出的接口文档里提出使用SOAP来完成业务上的方法调用，但数据使用json格式描述，这使我不得不承认人类的想像力是多么的丰富。以前使用SOAP的时候场景是比较简单的，借助Apache Axis 1.4工具，先用Java原生的接口和Bean定义好Java类，然后使用工具对Java类进行处理，生成对应的WSDL，最后分别生成客户端和服务器端的编、解码的存根和框架库，其余的事情就是实现服务端或者调用客户端了。现在做的事情稍复杂点，过程是类似的，只是接口调用后拿到的字段是json格式描述的，使用时还需要根据接口文档描述，写代码解析出业务相关的信息，进而根据这些信息完成业务逻辑实现。也许是对方产品的业务场景比复杂吧，导致他们养成了定义类似这种接口的习惯。
最近感觉整个人比较懒，可能是进入了新的迷茫期吧，遇到没有使用过的技术时钻研的动力不足。不过好在json技术比较成熟，可供选择的开源软件非常多，使用都比较简单。我在项目里应用的是gson.jar，文档和能力都让我非常满意。在短暂的学习与尝试，这个过程大约有一个小时吧，又花了一个小时完成了项目特性的开发，总体而言没有让我费太大的力气，反倒是钻研接口文档花了不少时间。
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