Leetcode NO.232 Implement Queue using Stacks

本题题目要求如下：

Implement the following operations of a queue using stacks.

• push(x) -- Push element x to the back of queue.
• pop() -- Removes the element from in front of queue.
• peek() -- Get the front element.
• empty() -- Return whether the queue is empty.

Notes:

• You must use only standard operations of a stack -- which means only push to top, peek/pop from top, size, and is emptyoperations are valid.
• Depending on your language, stack may not be supported natively. You may simulate a stack by using a list or deque (double-ended queue), as long as you use only standard operations of a stack.
• You may assume that all operations are valid (for example, no pop or peek operations will be called on an empty queue).

整体思路并不难，就是用两个stack实现，这两个stack合起来就是一个queue，如下图所示：

| 8 |		| 1 | 
| 7 |		| 2 | 
| 6 |		| 3 | 
| 5 |		| 4 | 

假设中间有这么一种状态，左边stack的top是queue的back，左边stack的bottom和右边stack的bottom连接，右边stack的top是queue的front

所以pop就是一直pop右边stack的元素，这样，就会出线右边的全都pop完，此时，下一个元素应该是5，所以，就把左边stack的元素逐个pop到右边stack，状态如下：

            | 5 |
            | 6 | 
            | 7 | 
|NAN|       | 8 |

此时，再去pop，就还是pop右边stack的元素，如果是push，就push到左边stack，如图所示：

            | 5 |
            | 6 | 
| 10|       | 7 | 
| 9 |       | 8 | 

这题并不难，叙述了一大堆，其实还是看代码最为清晰，代码如下所示：

class Queue {
public:
    // Push element x to the back of queue.
    void push(int x) {
        my_stack.push(x);
    }

    // Removes the element from in front of queue.
    void pop(void) {
        if (tmp_stack.empty()) {
            move();
        }
        tmp_stack.pop();
    }

    // Get the front element.
    int peek(void) {
        if (tmp_stack.empty()) {
            move();
        }
        return tmp_stack.top();
    }

    // Return whether the queue is empty.
    bool empty(void) {
        return (my_stack.empty() and tmp_stack.empty());
    }
private:
    stack<int> my_stack;
    stack<int> tmp_stack;
    void move(void) {
        while (!my_stack.empty()) {
            tmp_stack.push(my_stack.top());
            my_stack.pop();
        }
    }
};