理解Android系统的进程间通信原理(二)----RPC机制
理解Android系统中的轻量级解决方案RPC的原理,需要先回顾一下JAVA中的RMI(Remote Method Invocation)这个易于使用的纯JAVA方案(用来实现分布式应用)。有关RMI的相关知识,可以通过下图来归纳:
Android中的RPC也是参考了JAVA中的RMI方案,这里我们再详细了解一下RPC的实现过程。
Android中的RPC机制是为了实现一个进程使用另一个进程中的远程对象,它使用了Android自己的AIDL(接口定义语言),使用户很方便地定义出一个接口作为规范,通过一个远程Service为代理 ,客户端在绑定该远程Service过程中获取远程对象,进而使用该对象。可参考下图所示:
补充:RPC的另一个目的是对客户端只声明接口及方法,隐藏掉具体实现类,供客户端直接获取此接口实例。
实例代码:
实例一:通过Service来远程调用一个接口子类的函数方法
功能描述:在MainActivity中通过绑定MyService服务类,来远程调用MyPlayer(实现了IPlayer接口)的方法过程。需要定义一个IPlayer.aidl文件,ADT工具会自动生成一个IPlayer接口类,然后再由MyPlayer继承IPlayer接口类中的静态内部抽象类,实现接口方法,进而供其它应用程序远程调用。(在本例中为了方便,MainActivity与MyService类同处一个应用程序中,实现运用时,可以不在同一个应用程序中,只要有权限访问MyService服务,就能得到IPlayer接口,进而执行该接口实例方法)
程序清单:IPlayer.aidl
package com.magc.rpc; interface IPlayer { void setName(String name); void addFile(String f_name); String ToString(); }
程序清单:IPlayer.java (ADT根据上面IPlayer.aidl文件自动生成,不能编辑该文件)
/* * This file is auto-generated. DO NOT MODIFY. * Original file: F:\\work\\Android_App\\MyRPCService\\src\\com\\magc\\rpc\\IPlayer.aidl */ package com.magc.rpc; public interface IPlayer extends android.os.IInterface { /** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */ public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.magc.rpc.IPlayer { private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = " com.magc.rpc.IPlayer " ; /** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */ public Stub() { this .attachInterface( this , DESCRIPTOR); } /** * Cast an IBinder object into an com.magc.rpc.IPlayer interface, * generating a proxy if needed. */ public static com.magc.rpc.IPlayer asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj == null )) { return null ; } android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface)obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin != null ) && (iin instanceof com.magc.rpc.IPlayer))) { return ((com.magc.rpc.IPlayer)iin); } return new com.magc.rpc.IPlayer.Stub.Proxy(obj); } public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return this ; } @Override public boolean onTransact( int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true ; } case TRANSACTION_setName: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.lang.String _arg0; _arg0 = data.readString(); this .setName(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true ; } case TRANSACTION_addFile: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.lang.String _arg0; _arg0 = data.readString(); this .addFile(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true ; } case TRANSACTION_ToString: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); java.lang.String _result = this .ToString(); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeString(_result); return true ; } } return super .onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } private static class Proxy implements com.magc.rpc.IPlayer { private android.os.IBinder mRemote; Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() { return DESCRIPTOR; } public void setName(java.lang.String name) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeString(name); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_setName, _data, _reply, 0 ); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } public void addFile(java.lang.String f_name) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeString(f_name); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_addFile, _data, _reply, 0 ); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } public java.lang.String ToString() throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); java.lang.String _result; try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_ToString, _data, _reply, 0 ); _reply.readException(); _result = _reply.readString(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } return _result; } } static final int TRANSACTION_setName = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0 ); static final int TRANSACTION_addFile = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 1 ); static final int TRANSACTION_ToString = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 2 ); } public void setName(java.lang.String name) throws android.os.RemoteException; public void addFile(java.lang.String f_name) throws android.os.RemoteException; public java.lang.String ToString() throws android.os.RemoteException; }
程序清单:MyPlayer.java (实现IPlayer的静态内部抽象类Stub)
package com.magc.rpc; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; import com.magc.rpc.IPlayer.Stub; /** * * @author magc * 实现IPlayer接口类中的静态内部抽象类,即实现IPlayer接口方法 * 将来供其它应用程序远程调用执行方法 */ public class MyPlayer extends Stub { private String name = "" ; @Override public void addFile(String fName) throws RemoteException { System.out.println( " add file ... " ); } @Override public void setName(String name) throws RemoteException { this .name = name; Log.i( " magc " , " setName-- " + name); } public String ToString() { String str = " MyPlayer-- " + name; Log.i( " magc " , " MyPlayer-- " + name); return str; } }
程序清单:MyService.java (一个Service类,供其它程序来远程绑定,返回IPlayer接口)
package com.magc.rpc; import com.magc.rpc.IPlayer.Stub; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; /** * * @author magc * 此服务类作为一个代理角色,供其它应用程序绑定,并返回接口实例 * * 可看作是代理模式的应用 */ public class MyService extends Service { private Stub player = new MyPlayer(); @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent arg0) { return player; } @Override public void onCreate() { super .onCreate(); } }
程序清单:MainActivity.java (作为客户端远程调用IPlayer接口方法)
package com.magc.rpc; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.os.RemoteException; import android.util.Log; /** * * @author magc * 作为一个客户端通过绑定MyService服务,实现远程调用IPlayer接口方法 * */ public class MainActivity extends Activity { private String ACTION = " com.magc.rpc.action.MYSERVICE " ; private IPlayer player; /** Called when the activity is first created. */ @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction(ACTION); // 绑定MyService服务 bindService(intent, conn, BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } /** * 绑定MyService服务后,返回IPlayer接口,进而调用该接口方法 */ @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { Log.i( " magc " , " bind service ..... " ); player = IPlayer.Stub.asInterface(service); if (player != null ) { try { player.setName( " magc " ); player.ToString(); } catch (RemoteException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } } }; }
程序清单:AndroidManifest.xml (注册Activity和Service)
<? xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> < manifest xmlns:android ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package ="com.magc.rpc" android:versionCode ="1" android:versionName ="1.0" > < uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion ="9" /> < application android:icon ="@drawable/icon" android:label ="@string/app_name" > < activity android:name =".MainActivity" android:label ="@string/app_name" > < intent-filter > < action android:name ="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> < category android:name ="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </ intent-filter > </ activity > < service android:name =".MyService" > < intent-filter > < action android:name ="com.magc.rpc.action.MYSERVICE" /> < category android:name ="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" /> </ intent-filter > </ service > </ application > </ manifest >
上面Android应用程序运行后结果如下所示:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/0aad4f782bcf702bc2dcc72dd16d5569.png)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b477af8749839e11da378942b27b600f.png)
小结:
1、重点理解Android中对AIDL文件的定义,以及理解ADT工具自动生成的接口类IPlayer,特别是它的静态内部类Stub以及Stub的asInterface方法,
2、Service作为一个代理角色,在其它应用程序通过Stub类的asInterface方法在绑定到一个服务时才能实现返回该接口实例,进而对该实例进行相关操作。
待续