安装oracle11g简单步骤
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1、设置主机名,配置好ip地址
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname orcl1
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2、安装软件依赖(本地源离线安装)
配置本地yum源
[root@localhost /]# tar -zxvf yum-software-packages.tar.gz
[root@localhost /]# createrepo yum-software-packages
Directory walk started
Directory walk done - 44 packages
Temporary output repo path: yum-software-packages/.repodata/
Preparing sqlite DBs
Pool started (with 5 workers)
Pool finished
[root@localhost yum-software-packages]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ls
kylin_x86_64.repo
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv kylin_x86_64.repo kylin_x86_64.repo.bak
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim kylin.repo
[kyin]
name=kylin
baseurl=file:///root/yum-software-packages
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum clean all
11 文件已删除
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum makecache
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在线公网源直接安装就可以了。
安装软件依赖(注意复制别少了)
yum install binutils gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel glibc32 ksh libstdc++-devel libaio libcap* libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel zlib-devel elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc-headers glibc-common kernel-headers libgcc libgomp libstdc++ numactl-devel sysstat libXau libdmx xorg-x11-utils xorg-x11-xauth libXv libXt libXmu libXxf86misc libXxf86dga libXxf86vm nfs-utils smartmontools libnsl2-devel libnsl binutils binutils-devel bison python-devel glibc-* libXp numactl numactl-devel lrzsz
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3、yum执行安装完毕后,有些依赖没有安装,需执行以下操作。
手动安装软件包(依赖包可以在网上下载el7的包,如果找不到可以直接私信我)
rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-0.176-2.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.176-2.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.17-292.el7.ns7.01.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force (此包可以不安装)
拷贝libpthread_nonshared.a安装包到/usr/lib64目录下(百度搜索就行,如果找不到可以私信我)
[root@orcl1 11g依赖包]# cp libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib64/
[root@orcl1 11g依赖包]# chmod 755 /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a
查看权限设置情况
[root@localhost 安装包]# ll /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 29676 9月 29 21:14 /usr/lib64/libpthread_nonshared.a
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4、设置hosts解析
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.26.140 orcl1
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5、关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
systemctl status firewalld.service
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6、pam控制给用户分配的资源
echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login
cat /etc/pam.d/login #查看
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7、关闭透明页
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local #修改开机启动(添加下面脚本)
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
fi
if test -f /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag; then
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
fi
设置启动配置文件执行权限
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
重启成效。
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8、配置root环境变量
vim ~/.bash_profile #设置默认语言为中文
export LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
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9、修改资源限制参数(这里根据数据安装要求自己计算)
vim /etc/security/limits.conf
grid soft nproc 16384
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 65536
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 32768
grid hard stack 32768
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 32768
oracle hard stack 32768
oracle hard memlock 30000000
oracle soft memlock 30000000
ulimit -a #查看限制参数
单位是KB,要低于物理内存,物理内存是32G
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10、修改内核参数(这里根据实际情况计算)
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
kernel.panic_on_oops = 1
vm.nr_hugepages = 8000
kernel.shmmax = 17179869184
kernel.shmall = 8388608
kernel.shmmni = 4096
sysctl -p #使其生效
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11、创建oinstall,dba,oper三个组
[root@orcl1 ~]# groupadd -g 60002 dba
[root@orcl1 ~]# groupadd -g 60003 oper
[root@orcl1 ~]# groupadd -g 60001 oinstall
添加用户oracle用户,属于oinstall,dba,oper组
[root@orcl1 ~]# useradd -u 61001 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle
[root@orcl1 ~]# passwd oracle #设置密码
创建目录
mkdir -p /oracle
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 #oracle目录
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory #oracle清单目录
mkdir -p /archive
mkdir -p /backup1
给目录oracle:oinstall 用户组权限
[root@orcl1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
[root@orcl1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /backup1
[root@orcl1 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /archive
给目录755权限
[root@orcl1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /oracle
[root@orcl1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /backup1
[root@orcl1 ~]# chmod -R 775 /archive
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11、设置普通用户oracle环境变量
su - oracle
vim ~/.bash_profile
PS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'
export PS1
export TMP=/tmp
export LANG=en_US
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=kydb
ORACLE_SID=kydb; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
PATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin; export PATH
THREADS_FLAG=native; export THREADS_FLAG
umask=022
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12、使用oracle用户解压数据库
使用root上传
给权限
[root@localhost backup1]# chown -R oracle:oinstall p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_*
[root@localhost backup1]# chmod 777 p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_*
在oracle用户解压
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
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13、配置vncserver及登录
root用户安装vnc工具,使用iso镜像里的额安装包进行安装
[root@localhost backup1]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/
mount: /mnt: WARNING: source write-protected, mounted read-only.
[root@localhost backup1]# cd /mnt/Packages/
rpm -ivh tigervnc-server-1.10.1-5.p02.ky10.x86_64.rpm
在oracle用户进行设置vnc密码
vncserver
su - oracle
Last login: 五 7月 1 11:39:23 CST 2022 from 192.168.26.101 on pts/2
[oracle@orcl:/home/grid]$vncserver
You will require a password to access your desktops.
Password:
Verify:
Would you like to enter a view-only password (y/n)? n
xauth: file /home/grid/.Xauthority does not exist
New 'orcl2:1 (grid)' desktop is orcl2:1
Creating default startup script /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Creating default config /home/grid/.vnc/config
Starting applications specified in /home/grid/.vnc/xstartup
Log file is /home/grid/.vnc/orcl2:1.log
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配置完以上所有, 重启系统
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重启系统后到oracle用户下进行使用vncserver,否则不生效
模式使用ip:1 输入密码,就可以登录oracle用户
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14、安装oracle数据库软件
vnc登陆然后进行安装数据库
[oracle@orcl1 database]$ cd /backup1/database #进入安装目录
[oracle@orcl1 database]$ ./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0 #直接java安装
安装报错如下
在此会报下面错误
./runInstaller -jreLoc /etc/alternatives/jre_1.8.0
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 15428 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 3115 MB Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors. Actual 16777216 Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2022-10-10_12-11-44PM. Please wait ...UnZip 6.00 of 20 April 2009, by Info-ZIP. Maintained by C. Spieler. Send
bug reports using http://www.info-zip.org/zip-bug.html; see README for details.
Usage: unzip [-Z] [-opts[modifiers]] file[.zip] [list] [-x xlist] [-d exdir]
Default action is to extract files in list, except those in xlist, to exdir;
file[.zip] may be a wildcard. -Z => ZipInfo mode ("unzip -Z" for usage).
-p extract files to pipe, no messages -l list files (short format)
-f freshen existing files, create none -t test compressed archive data
-u update files, create if necessary -z display archive comment only
-v list verbosely/show version info -T timestamp archive to latest
-x exclude files that follow (in xlist) -d extract files into exdir
modifiers:
-n never overwrite existing files -q quiet mode (-qq => quieter)
-o overwrite files WITHOUT prompting -a auto-convert any text files
-j junk paths (do not make directories) -aa treat ALL files as text
-U use escapes for all non-ASCII Unicode -UU ignore any Unicode fields
-C match filenames case-insensitively -L make (some) names lowercase
-X restore UID/GID info -V retain VMS version numbers
-K keep setuid/setgid/tacky permissions -M pipe through "more" pager
See "unzip -hh" or unzip.txt for more help. Examples:
unzip data1 -x joe => extract all files except joe from zipfile data1.zip
unzip -p foo | more => send contents of foo.zip via pipe into program more
unzip -fo foo ReadMe => quietly replace existing ReadMe if archive file newer
[oracle@orcl1 database]$
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解决办法
[oracle@orcl1 database]$ cd install/
[oracle@orcl1 install]$ ls
addLangs.sh clusterparam.ini lsnodes resource
addNode.sh detachHome.sh oraparam.ini runInstaller.sh
attachHome.sh images oraparamsilent.ini unzip
[oracle@orcl1 install]$ mv unzip unzip.bak
[oracle@orcl1 install]$ ln -s /usr/bin/unzip unzip
修改后,再执行就可以正常了。
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安装提示下一步下一步
看到检查依赖的位置,这里会提示缺少elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97,再次安装就可以了
使用root用户安装
[root@orcl1 11g依赖包]# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.176-2.el7.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
安装后再次检查依赖,这次就是有pkdsh-5.2.14,点击ignore all,执行下一步
然后执行安装。
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安装到86%的时候有报错,是由于bug,需要修改ins_emagent.mk文件
解决办法
使用oracle用户修改。
[oracle@orcl1:/home/oracle]$cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib
[oracle@orcl1:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib]$cp ins_emagent.mk
ins_emagent.mk.bak
[oracle@orcl1:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/sysman/lib]$vim ins_emagent.mk
在下面第二行最后添加-lnnz11 (在176行)
$(SYSMANBIN)emdctl:
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
修改后点击retry重试,可以继续安装。
修改后点击重试,可以继续安装。
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然后使用root用户执行下安装脚本(执行完第一个再执行第二个)
/oracle/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
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执行完毕点击“ok”
安装完成。
创建监听端口
netca
然后创建数据库
dbca进行创建数据库。
至此安装完毕。
查看数据库状态
lsnrctl status
sqlplus / as sysdba