用途说明
du命令是用来查看磁盘空间占用情况的,在Linux系统维护时常会用到,并且通常与df命令搭配使用。首先使用df看一下各个磁盘分区的占用情况,如果某个分区的占用超过一定百分比(比如80%),就认为该分区应该清理一下了。如果不太确定从哪里下手清理,就可以使用du来统计一下各个目录的磁盘占用情况,找到磁盘占用大的目录。一般情况下,程序日志占用的空间会比较多,Web上传产生的临时文件,导出数据时生成的数据文件,还有就是数据库也会随着时间而不断增长。
常用参数
-s 显示总数量。
-h 显示的数量更好看些,比如用K/M/G表示大小。
--max-depth=N 统计的目录深度。当N=0时等同于-s,所以和--s参数不能同时出现。
-b 显示为字节数。
-k 显示为K字节数。
-m 显示为兆字节数。
使用示例
示例一 查看/var的磁盘使用情况
[root@jfht ~]# df
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
966221844 25612844 890736104 3% /
/dev/cciss/c0d0p1 493891 16888 451504 4% /boot
tmpfs 2074392 0 2074392 0% /dev/shm
[root@jfht ~]# df /var
文件系统 1K-块 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
966221844 25612848 890736100 3% /
[root@jfht ~]# du /var
8 /var/games
8 /var/local
8 /var/spool/at/spool
24 /var/spool/at
16 /var/spool/cron
8 /var/spool/lpd
8 /var/spool/clientmqueue
8 /var/spool/repackage
8 /var/spool/vbox
8 /var/spool/mqueue
8 /var/spool/cups/tmp
16 /var/spool/cups
52004 /var/spool/mail
32 /var/spool/anacron
52140 /var/spool
8 /var/yp/binding
24 /var/yp
8 /var/db/nscd
28 /var/db
16 /var/empty/sshd/etc
24 /var/empty/sshd
32 /var/empty
8 /var/ftp/pub
16 /var/ftp
8 /var/tmp
8 /var/cvs
8 /var/gdm
8884 /var/log/sa
12 /var/log/pm
8 /var/log/conman
36 /var/log/prelink
15880 /var/log/audit
8 /var/log/gdm
8 /var/log/vbox
8 /var/log/ppp
8 /var/log/conman.old
8 /var/log/samba
20 /var/log/setroubleshoot
20 /var/log/cups
16 /var/log/mail
744404 /var/log
8 /var/lock/lvm
8 /var/lock/dmraid
176 /var/lock/subsys
204 /var/lock
8 /var/crash
8 /var/nis
8 /var/run/netreport
8 /var/run/sudo
8 /var/run/wpa_supplicant
8 /var/run/pm
8 /var/run/mdmpd
8 /var/run/winbindd
8 /var/run/mdadm
8 /var/run/nscd
8 /var/run/ppp
12 /var/run/dbus
12 /var/run/setrans
20 /var/run/avahi-daemon
12 /var/run/screen/S-root
20 /var/run/screen
12 /var/run/setroubleshoot
16 /var/run/cups/certs
28 /var/run/cups
8 /var/run/NetworkManager
8 /var/run/saslauthd
8 /var/run/console
492 /var/run
8 /var/preserve
8 /var/opt
8 /var/cache/logwatch
8 /var/cache/yum
8 /var/cache/coolkey
8 /var/cache/foomatic
8 /var/cache/alchemist
332 /var/cache/fontconfig
8 /var/cache/man/cat6
8 /var/cache/man/cat4
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat6
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat4
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat3
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/catn
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat1
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat5
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat2
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat8
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat9
8 /var/cache/man/X11R6/cat7
88 /var/cache/man/X11R6
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat6
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat4
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat3
8 /var/cache/man/local/catn
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat1
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat5
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat2
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat8
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat9
8 /var/cache/man/local/cat7
88 /var/cache/man/local
8 /var/cache/man/cat3
8 /var/cache/man/catn
8 /var/cache/man/cat1
8 /var/cache/man/cat5
8 /var/cache/man/cat2
8 /var/cache/man/cat8
8 /var/cache/man/cat9
8 /var/cache/man/cat7
820 /var/cache/man
8 /var/cache/samba/winbindd_privileged
16 /var/cache/samba
8 /var/cache/cups
1224 /var/cache
8 /var/racoon
8 /var/lib/dhclient
8 /var/lib/games
8 /var/lib/stateless/writable
16 /var/lib/stateless
8 /var/lib/yum
8 /var/lib/multipath
33584 /var/lib/rpm
8 /var/lib/bluetooth
8 /var/lib/dhcpv6
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/cs
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ca
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/kn
656 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/TOC
124 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/C
84 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/nl
88 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ru
88 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/zh_TW
92 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ko
80 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sr
648 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/index
88 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/de
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/pl
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/no
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/vi
92 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sv
88 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ja
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sk
80 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/el
76 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/ro
104 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/es
96 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/it
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/tr
80 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/be
92 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/zh_CN
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/pt_BR
104 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/uk
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sr@Latn
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/sl
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/am
96 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/fr
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/hu
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/az
72 /var/lib/scrollkeeper/da
3988 /var/lib/scrollkeeper
2992 /var/lib/mysql/iss
4944 /var/lib/mysql/nss
896 /var/lib/mysql/imx
1252 /var/lib/mysql/mysql
8 /var/lib/mysql/test
164 /var/lib/mysql/zjlt_sms
264 /var/lib/mysql/xqt
2140 /var/lib/mysql/mhr
596 /var/lib/mysql/jforum
6408 /var/lib/mysql/zjlt_mhr
48424 /var/lib/mysql
24 /var/lib/misc
8 /var/lib/ntp
1240 /var/lib/sepolgen
8 /var/lib/hal
8 /var/lib/nfs/statd/sm.bak
8 /var/lib/nfs/statd/sm
32 /var/lib/nfs/statd
8 /var/lib/nfs/v4recovery
0 /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/statd
0 /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/portmap
0 /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/nfs
0 /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/mount
0 /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs/lockd
0 /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs
64 /var/lib/nfs
16 /var/lib/xkb
16 /var/lib/dbus
8 /var/lib/up2date
76 /var/lib/setroubleshoot
3904 /var/lib/mlocate
48 /var/lib/alternatives
91496 /var/lib
12 /var/account
890164 /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -s /var
890164 /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sh /var
870M /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sb /var
904353748 /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sk /var
890168 /var
[root@jfht ~]# du -sm /var
870 /var
[root@jfht ~]# du --max-depth=1 /var
8 /var/games
8 /var/local
52140 /var/spool
24 /var/yp
28 /var/db
32 /var/empty
16 /var/ftp
8 /var/tmp
8 /var/cvs
8 /var/gdm
744416 /var/log
204 /var/lock
8 /var/crash
8 /var/nis
492 /var/run
8 /var/preserve
8 /var/opt
1224 /var/cache
8 /var/racoon
91496 /var/lib
12 /var/account
890176 /var
[root@jfht ~]#
示例二 确定哪个目录或文件占用的空间多些
[root@jfht /]# cd
[root@jfht ~]# du -s
4123196 .
[root@jfht ~]# du -s *
8 anaconda-ks.cfg
369704 bak181
4 do
4 done
4 echo
8 file1
8 file2
8 hlx
36 install.log
8 install.log.syslog
8 job.sh
8 job.txt
8 ls.txt
1664 mbox
20824 mini
4 myfile
4 new.txt
2569496 setup
20036 temp
8 touch_5.sh
152 vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
12 vsftpd.conf
8 while_4.sh
1141036 work191
[root@jfht ~]# du -s * | sort -n
4 do
4 done
4 echo
4 myfile
4 new.txt
8 anaconda-ks.cfg
8 file1
8 file2
8 hlx
8 install.log.syslog
8 job.sh
8 job.txt
8 ls.txt
8 touch_5.sh
8 while_4.sh
12 vsftpd.conf
36 install.log
152 vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
1664 mbox
20036 temp
20824 mini
369704 bak181
1141040 work191
2569496 setup
[root@jfht ~]# du -s * | sort -nr
2569496 setup
1141048 work191
369704 bak181
20824 mini
20036 temp
1664 mbox
152 vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
36 install.log
12 vsftpd.conf
8 while_4.sh
8 touch_5.sh
8 ls.txt
8 job.txt
8 job.sh
8 install.log.syslog
8 hlx
8 file2
8 file1
8 anaconda-ks.cfg
4 new.txt
4 myfile
4 echo
4 done
4 do
[root@jfht ~]#