贪吃蛇game。

小时候经常玩的一个游戏，还有个俄罗斯方块，话说经常撞墙有没有。除了游戏的基本框架，还需要三大结构，游戏开始，游戏运行，游戏结束。走起。

import pygame, sys, random
from pygame.locals import *

FPS = 15
WINDOWWIDTH = 640
WINDOWHEIGHT = 480
CELLSIZE = 20
assert WINDOWWIDTH % CELLSIZE == 0, "window width must be a multiple of cell size"
assert WINDOWHEIGHT % CELLSIZE == 0, "window height must be multiple if cell size"
CELLWIDTH = WINDOWWIDTH / CELLSIZE
CELLHEIGHT = WINDOWHEIGHT / CELLSIZE

WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (255, 0, 0)
GREEN = (0, 255, 0)
DARKGREEN = (0, 155, 0)
DARKGRAY = (40, 40, 40)
BGCOLOR = BLACK

UP = "up"
DOWN = "down"
LEFT = "left"
RIGHT = "right"

HEAD = 0

def main():
    global FPSCLOCK, DISPLAYSURF, BASICFONT

    pygame.init()
    FPSCLOCK = pygame.time.Clock()
    DISPLAYSURF = pygame.display.set_mode((WINDOWWIDTH, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    BASICFONT = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 18)
    pygame.display.set_caption('Wormy')

    showStartScreen()
    while True:
        runGame()
        showGameOverScreen()

def runGame():

    startx = random.randint(5, CELLSIZE - 6)
    starty = random.randint(5, CELLSIZE - 6)
    wormCoods = [{'x': startx, 'y': starty},
                 {'x': startx - 1, 'y': starty},
                 {'x': startx - 2, 'y': starty}]
    direction = RIGHT
    apple = getRandomLocation()
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == QUIT:
                terminate()
            elif event.type == KEYDOWN:
                if (event.key == K_LEFT or event.key == K_a) and direction != RIGHT:
                    direction = LEFT
                elif (event.key == K_RIGHT or event.key == K_d) and direction != LEFT:
                    direction = RIGHT
                elif (event.key == K_UP or event.key == K_w) and direction != DOWN:
                    direction = UP
                elif (event.key == K_DOWN or event.key == K_s) and direction != UP:
                    direction = DOWN
                elif event.key == K_ESCAPE:
                    terminate()
        if wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == CELLWIDTH or wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == CELLHEIGHT:
            return
        for wormBody in wormCoods[1:]:
            if wormBody['x'] == wormCoods[HEAD]['x']  and wormBody['y'] == wormCoods[HEAD]['y']:
                return
        if wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == apple['x'] and wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == apple['y']:
            apple = getRandomLocation()
        else:
            del wormCoods[-1]
        if direction == UP:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'], 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] - 1}
        elif direction == DOWN:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'], 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] + 1}
        elif direction == LEFT:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] - 1, 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']}
        elif direction == RIGHT:
            newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] + 1, 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']}
        wormCoods.insert(0, newHead)
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
        drawGrid()
        drawWorm(wormCoods)
        drawApple(apple)
        drawScore(len(wormCoods) - 3)
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)

def drawPressKeyMsg():
    pressKeySurf = BASICFONT.render('Press a key to play.', True, DARKGRAY)
    pressKeyRect = pressKeySurf.get_rect()
    pressKeyRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 200, WINDOWHEIGHT - 30)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(pressKeySurf, pressKeyRect)

def checkForKeyPress():
    if len(pygame.event.get(QUIT)) > 0:
        terminate()
    keyUpEvents = pygame.event.get(KEYUP)
    if len(keyUpEvents) == 0:
        return None
    if keyUpEvents[0].key == K_ESCAPE:
        terminate()
    return keyUpEvents[0].key

def showStartScreen():
    titleFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 100)
    titleSurf1 = titleFont.render('Wormy!', True, WHITE, DARKGREEN)
    titleSurf2 = titleFont.render('Wormy!', True, GREEN)

    degrees1 = 0
    degrees2 = 0
    while True:
        DISPLAYSURF.fill(BGCOLOR)
        rotatedSurf1 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf1, degrees1)
        rotatedRect1 = rotatedSurf1.get_rect()
        rotatedRect1.center = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, WINDOWHEIGHT / 2)
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf1, rotatedRect1)

        rotatedSurf2 = pygame.transform.rotate(titleSurf2, degrees2)
        rotatedRect2 = rotatedSurf2.get_rect()
        rotatedRect2.center = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, WINDOWHEIGHT / 2)
        DISPLAYSURF.blit(rotatedSurf2, rotatedRect2)

        drawPressKeyMsg()

        if checkForKeyPress():
            pygame.event.get()
            return
        pygame.display.update()
        FPSCLOCK.tick(FPS)
        degrees1 += 3
        degrees2 += 7

def terminate():
    pygame.quit()
    sys.exit()

def getRandomLocation():
    return {'x': random.randint(0, CELLWIDTH - 1), 'y': random.randint(0, CELLHEIGHT - 1)}

def showGameOverScreen():
    gameOverFont = pygame.font.Font('freesansbold.ttf', 150)
    gameSurf = gameOverFont.render('GAME', True, WHITE)
    overSurf = gameOverFont.render('OVER', True, WHITE)
    gameRect = gameSurf.get_rect()
    overRect = overSurf.get_rect()
    gameRect.midtop = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, 10)
    overRect.midtop = (WINDOWWIDTH / 2, gameRect.height + 10 + 25)

    DISPLAYSURF.blit(gameSurf, gameRect)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(overSurf, overRect)
    drawPressKeyMsg()
    pygame.display.update()
    pygame.time.wait(500)
    checkForKeyPress()

    while True:
        if checkForKeyPress():
            pygame.event.get()
            return

def drawScore(score):
    scoreSurf = BASICFONT.render('Score: %s' %(score), True, WHITE)
    scoreRect = scoreSurf.get_rect()
    scoreRect.topleft = (WINDOWWIDTH - 120, 10)
    DISPLAYSURF.blit(scoreSurf, scoreRect)

def drawWorm(wormCoods):
    for coord in wormCoods:
        x = coord['x'] * CELLSIZE
        y = coord['y'] * CELLSIZE
        wormSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, CELLSIZE, CELLSIZE)
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGREEN, wormSegmentRect)
        wormInnerSegmentRect = pygame.Rect(x+4, y+4, CELLSIZE-8, CELLSIZE-8)
        pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, GREEN, wormInnerSegmentRect)
        
def drawApple(coord):
    x = coord['x'] * CELLSIZE
    y = coord['y'] * CELLSIZE
    appleRect = pygame.Rect(x, y, CELLSIZE, CELLSIZE)
    pygame.draw.rect(DISPLAYSURF, RED, appleRect)
    
def drawGrid():
    for x in range(0, WINDOWWIDTH, CELLSIZE):
        pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (x, 0), (x, WINDOWHEIGHT))
    for y in range(0, WINDOWHEIGHT, CELLSIZE):
        pygame.draw.line(DISPLAYSURF, DARKGRAY, (0, y), (WINDOWWIDTH, y))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

刚开始都是一些窗口，颜色，按键之类的定义，代码从main主函数开始，

一个main()函数里面就是这个程序的大概流程，首先相关pygame的初始化，显示游戏启动画面，接着进入死循环，runGame()就是游戏主体部分了，是程序核心。而如果游戏失败，就会只执行显示结束画面showGameOverScreen()，然后再次进行游戏。我们把蛇身看成是一段一段组成的，CELLSIZE这个常量就是蛇身每段的大小。我们要确保蛇身与整个显示屏幕的大小是成整数倍的关系，不然显示就有问题，所以在开始加了异常处理。assert 语句检测我们给定的屏幕大小是否与蛇身段大小成整数倍。

初始化pygame模块（首先必须的），然后把定义的一些变量生成窗口，字体类型和窗口标题，showStartScreen()是游戏开始界面的方法，最后就是无限循环，运行游戏和游戏结束。

先看showStartScreen()方法，开始画面的显示效果是两个字符串Wormy! 不停的旋转，还创建两个字体对象和两个旋转角度的变量，右下角还有提示显示按下按键按开始游戏，所以还有个显示按键消息的函数drawPressKeyMsg(),随便按下个按键就会进入到runGame()，除了ESC外。checkForPress方法就是检查你的输入信息，最后在函数末尾显示更新每次的改变，旋转图像用到的方法是pygame.transform.rotate()。

drawPressKeyMsg方法就是显示按任意键进入游戏的信息，pressKeySurf对象存了字符串信息。然后调用get_rect()方法，获取字符串应在的位置，最后blit方法进行绘制。

现在看最主要的runGame()方法，刚开始就是定义蛇随机出现的位置，而且为了防止蛇一出来就撞墙，所以蛇出现的位置都和墙有一点距离，使用random模块中的randint方法随机产生（5，CELLSIZE - 6）的数，并且蛇出来默认的方向是右，有蛇当然有食物，getRandomLocation()方法就是产生食物的位置，然后就是一个主循环了，循环中一直在获取你所输入的信息，如果输入的类型是QUIT（也就是关闭窗口），那么就调用方法terminate()结束游戏。如果类型是KEYDOWN（键盘输入的信息），下面是主要的控制按键，如果你按下LEFT键，并且当前蛇不是往右的，那么蛇就会改变向左走得方向（毕竟不能让蛇直接回头装自己），下面的一样。ESC按键也会结束游戏。

if wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == -1 or wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == CELLWIDTH or wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == -1 or wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == CELLHEIGHT:  
    return 
for wormBody in wormCoods[1:]:  
    if wormBody['x'] == wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] and wormBody['y'] == wormCoods[HEAD]['y']:  
        return 

上面这段代码的意思是蛇撞到墙和自己的处理，首先第一个if是判断是否撞到墙，拿X方向来说，最左边是-1，左右边则是CELLSIZE，因为坐标从0开始，到CELLWIDTH-1结束，Y轴上一样。下面这个if是检测是否撞到自身，如果蛇头的坐标和蛇身中某个坐标相等，那就是撞到自身了。

if wormCoods[HEAD]['x'] == apple['x'] and wormCoods[HEAD]['y'] == apple['y']:  
     
    apple = getRandomLocation() 
else:  
    del wormCoods[-1] 

这个是蛇吃到食物的情况下，只要判断蛇头的坐标和食物的坐标相等。需要注意的是，当吃到食物的话，蛇的尾巴还是保留的，然后得到一个新的放置苹果的随机位置，如果没有此货到的话，我们就要删除尾端，蛇前进一格。

if direction == UP:  
    newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'], 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']-1}  
elif direction == DOWN:  
    newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x'], 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']+1}  
elif direction == LEFT:  
    newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x']-1, 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']}  
elif direction == RIGHT:  
    newHead = {'x': wormCoods[HEAD]['x']+1, 'y': wormCoods[HEAD]['y']}  
wormCoods.insert(0,newHead)  

删除蛇身尾端的话，接着 就要把丢失的尾端补回来，也就是要添加蛇头端。
添加蛇头端的位置就要根据蛇当前的移动方向来决定了，找到新的蛇头，然后把蛇头插入到新的列表中。

最后就是对上面的蛇和食物的状态做出显示操作了。

还有个游戏结束的界面方法showGameOverScreen().