密码学（二）—RSA后端加解密java实现

最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 20:03:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-02-28 20:03:34 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/cwl421/article/details/54411511

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理论和实践差距还是很大的，在实现的过程中出现过很多问题。RSA后端加解密实验过很多次，不管是编码问题（加密数据大小有长度限制），还是密文长度问题，都一一消灭。《RSA算法原理（一）》和《RSA算法原理（二）》看了这两篇文章，基本原理也算懂了，可以去看代码的实现过程。

代码如下：

工具类：

package RSA;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
public class RSABlock {
    /** 
     *  加密算法RSA 
     */  
    public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA";  
  
    /** 
     *  签名算法
     */  
    public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA";  
  
    /** 
     *  获取公钥的key
     */  
    private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey";  
  
    /** 
     * 获取私钥的key 
     */  
    private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey";  
  
    /** 
     * RSA最大加密明文大小  
     */  
    private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117;  
  
    /** 
     * RSA最大解密密文大小 
     */  
    private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128;  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 生成密钥对(公钥和私钥) 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static Map<String, Object> genKeyPair() throws Exception {  
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        keyPairGen.initialize(1024);  
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();  
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();  
        RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();  
        Map<String, Object> keyMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(2);  
        keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey);  
        keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey);  
        return keyMap;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     *  用私钥对信息生成数字签名 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param data 已加密数据 
     * @param 私钥(BASE64编码)  
     * 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception {  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);  
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        PrivateKey privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);  
        signature.initSign(privateK);   
        signature.update(data);  
        return encryptBASE64(signature.sign());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 校验数字签名 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param data 已加密数据  
     * @param publicKey公钥(BASE64编码) 
     * @param sign 数字签名 
     * 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     * 
     */  
    public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign)  
            throws Exception {  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);  
        X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        PublicKey publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec);  
        Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM);  
        signature.initVerify(publicK);  
        signature.update(data);  
        return signature.verify(decryptBASE64(sign));  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <P> 
     * 私钥解密 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param encryptedData 已加密数据 
     * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码)  
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encryptedData, String privateKey)  
            throws Exception {  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);  
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());
        /*Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/NoPadding"); */ 
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK);  
        int inputLen = encryptedData.length;  
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        int offSet = 0;  
        byte[] cache;  
        int i = 0;  
        // 对数据分块解密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {  
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);  
            } else {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);  
            }  
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);  
            i++;  
            offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;  
        }  
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();  
        out.close();  
        return decryptedData;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 公钥解密 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param encryptedData 已加密数据 
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码) 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] encryptedData, String publicKey)  
            throws Exception {  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);  
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); 
        /*Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/NoPadding");*/
        cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK);  
        int inputLen = encryptedData.length;  
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        int offSet = 0;  
        byte[] cache;  
        int i = 0;  
        // 对数据分块解密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {  
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK);  
            } else {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet);  
            }  
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);  
            i++;  
            offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK;  
        }  
        byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray();  
        out.close();  
        return decryptedData;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 公钥加密 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param data 源数据 
     * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码) 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String publicKey)  
            throws Exception {  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(publicKey);  
        X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK);  
        int inputLen = data.length;  
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        int offSet = 0;  
        byte[] cache;  
        int i = 0;  
        // 对数据分块加密 
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {  
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);  
            } else {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);  
            }  
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);  
            i++;  
            offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;  
        }  
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();  
        out.close();  
        return encryptedData;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 私钥加密 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param data 源数据 
     * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码) 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String privateKey)  
            throws Exception {  
        byte[] keyBytes = decryptBASE64(privateKey);  
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes);  
        KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);  
        Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);  
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm());  
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK);  
        int inputLen = data.length;  
        ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();  
        int offSet = 0;  
        byte[] cache;  
        int i = 0;  
        // 对数据分块加密
        while (inputLen - offSet > 0) {  
            if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK);  
            } else {  
                cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet);  
            }  
            out.write(cache, 0, cache.length);  
            i++;  
            offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK;  
        }  
        byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray();  
        out.close();  
        return encryptedData;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 获取私钥 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param keyMap  密钥对 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String getPrivateKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)  
            throws Exception {  
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY);  
        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * <p> 
     * 获取公钥 
     * </p> 
     * 
     * @param keyMap 密钥对
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String getPublicKey(Map<String, Object> keyMap)  
            throws Exception {  
        Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY);  
        return encryptBASE64(key.getEncoded());  
    }  
    
    /** 
     * BASE64解码
     *  
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static byte[] decryptBASE64(String key) throws Exception {  
        return Base64.decodeBase64(key.getBytes());
        //return (new BASE64Decoder()).decodeBuffer(key);  
    }  
      
    /** 
     * BASE64加密
     *  
     * @param key 
     * @return 
     * @throws Exception 
     */  
    public static String encryptBASE64(byte[] key) throws Exception {  
        return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(key));
        //return (new BASE64Encoder()).encodeBuffer(key);  
    }
    
}

测试类：

package RSA;

import java.util.Map;

public class RSABlockTest {
	static String publicKey;  
    static String privateKey;  
  
    static {  
        try {  
            /*Map<String, Object> keyMap = RSABlock.genKeyPair();  
            publicKey = RSABlock.getPublicKey(keyMap);  
            privateKey = RSABlock.getPrivateKey(keyMap);*/
            publicKey = "MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQDsRajSERYUXn/t5N2ZB/5kH4Duu0aG9kigYIW76nGauOGytwJ5IWG2uV9+52Lj8YZtKNPMMF6je3acA4Q4waT57owKqb4Q0s7AvsACEG6VzqpUhgD66xbrbnejnGwvL1dxU3p4ZXOhh+sws6weoUKqjDRWT574fWHMvZkWZjsAhwIDAQAB";  
            privateKey = "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";
            System.err.println("公钥：" + publicKey);  
            System.err.println("私钥：" + privateKey);  
        } catch (Exception e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
        test();  
    }  
  
    static void test() throws Exception {  
        String source = "源数据";  
        System.out.println("加密前：" + source);  
        //加密
        byte[] encodedData = RSABlock.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);  
        System.out.println("密文：" +encodedData);  
        //解密
        byte[] decodedData = RSABlock.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData, privateKey);  
        System.out.println("解密后：" + new String(decodedData););  
    }     
    
}

非对称算法RSA是私钥加密公钥解密和公钥加密私钥解密两个过程，非对称算法RSA相对于对称算法AES来说相对安全一些，思考安全这块的时候，越是研究的时候，越是感觉没有绝对的安全，安全是相对的，下一篇讲述RSA前台加密后台解密，敬请期待。

参考网址：

http://www.2cto.com/kf/201303/196737.html
https://zhidao.baidu.com/question/714943193692821325.html
http://jin8000608172.iteye.com/blog/1776828
http://blog.csdn.net/greenqingqingws/article/details/51745571
http://www.justabug.net/door-1-rsa/
http://www.bm8.com.cn/webtool/rsa/
http://www.apihome.cn/api/java/Cipher.html
http://blog.csdn.net/songxiaobing/article/details/17505237
http://blog.csdn.net/saindy5828/article/details/45827419
http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaobl/p/4735704.html
http://snowolf.iteye.com/blog/381767