【驱动】3-新字符设备驱动

使用了新的字符设备驱动、设置了文件私有数据、添加了自动创建设备节点相关内容。

1. 分配和释放设备号

//不指定设备号
int alloc_chrdev_region(dev_t *dev, unsigned baseminor, unsigned count, const char *name)

//指定主设备号和此设备号
int register_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count, const char *name)

//注销设备号
void unregister_chrdev_region(dev_t from, unsigned count)

2. 字符设备结构

struct cdev {
	struct kobject kobj;
	struct module *owner;
	const struct file_operations *ops;
	struct list_head list;
	dev_t dev;
	unsigned int count;
 };

struct cdev test_cdev;

3. cdev_init函数

void cdev_init(struct cdev *cdev, const struct file_operations *fops)

4. cdev_add函数

int cdev_add(struct cdev *p, dev_t dev, unsigned count)

5. cdev_del函数

void cdev_del(struct cdev *p)

6. 创建和删除类

struct class *class_create (struct module *owner, const char *name)
void class_destroy(struct class *cls);

7. 创建设备

struct device *device_create(struct class *class,
	struct device *parent,
	dev_t devt,
	void *drvdata,
	const char *fmt, ...)
	
void device_destroy(struct class *class, dev_t devt)

8. led 灯驱动编写–新字符设备驱动

newchrled.c

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/ide.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/mach/map.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>

#define NEWCHRLED_CNT 1
#define NEWCHRLED_NAME "newchrled"
#define LEDOFF 0
#define LEDON 1

/* 寄存器物理地址 */
#define CCM_CCGR1_BASE (0X020C406C)
#define SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E0068)
#define SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE (0X020E02F4)
#define GPIO1_DR_BASE (0X0209C000)
#define GPIO1_GDIO_BASE (0X0209C004)

// 映射后的寄存器虚拟地址指针
static void __iomem * IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1;
static void __iomem *SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_DR;
static void __iomem *GPIO1_GDIR;

struct newchrled_dev{
    dev_t devid;
    struct cdev cdev;       /*cdev*/
    struct class *class;    /*class*/
    struct device *device;
    int major;
    int minor;
};

struct newchrled_dev newchrled;


void led_switch(u8 sta)
{
    u32 val = 0;
    if (sta == LEDON){
        val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
        val &= ~(1<<3);
        writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
    }else if (sta == LEDOFF){
        val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
        val |= (1<<3);
        writel(val, GPIO1_DR);
    }
}

static int led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    filp->private_data = &newchrled;/*设置私有数据*/
    return 0;
}
static ssize_t led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf,size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
    return 0;
}

static ssize_t led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf,
size_t cnt, loff_t *offt)
{
    int retvalue;
    unsigned char databuf[1];
    unsigned char ledstat;

    retvalue = __copy_from_user(databuf, buf, cnt);
    if (retvalue < 0){
        printk("kernel write failed!\r\n");
        return -EFAULT;
    }

    ledstat = databuf[0];

    if (ledstat == LEDON){
        led_switch(LEDON);
    }else if (ledstat == LEDOFF){
        led_switch(LEDOFF);
    }
    return 0;
}
static int led_release (struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    return 0;
}

static struct file_operations newchrled_fops = {
    .owner = THIS_MODULE,
    .open = led_open,
    .read = led_read,
    .write = led_write,
    .release = led_release,
};

static int __init led_init(void)
{
    u32 val = 0;
    /*寄存器地址映射*/
        IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1 = ioremap(CCM_CCGR1_BASE, 4);
    SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
    SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03 = ioremap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03_BASE, 4);
    GPIO1_DR = ioremap(GPIO1_DR_BASE, 4);
    GPIO1_GDIR = ioremap(GPIO1_DR_BASE, 4);

    //2. 使能gpio1时钟
    val = readl(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    val &= ~(3 << 26); /* 清除以前的设置 */
    val |= (3 << 26); /* 设置新值 */
    writel(val, IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    // 3 设置gpio1_io03 复用功能。
    writel(5, SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);

    writel(0x10b0, SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);

    // 4. 设置GPIO1_IO03 为输出功能
    val = readl(GPIO1_GDIR);
    val &= ~(1<<3);
    val |= (1<<3);
    writel(val, GPIO1_GDIR);
    //5 默认关闭
    val = readl(GPIO1_DR);
    val |= (1<<3);
    writel(val, GPIO1_DR);

    /*注册字符设备驱动*/
    //1.创建设备号
    if(newchrled.major){
        newchrled.devid = MKDEV(newchrled.major, 0);
        register_chrdev_region(newchrled.devid, NEWCHRLED_CNT,NEWCHRLED_NAME);
    }else{
        alloc_chrdev_region(&newchrled.devid, 0, NEWCHRLED_CNT, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
        newchrled.major = MAJOR(newchrled.devid);
        newchrled.minor = MINOR(newchrled.devid);
    }
    printk("newchrled major = %d,minor =%d\n", newchrled.major, newchrled.minor);

    //2. 初始化cdev
    newchrled.cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
    cdev_init(&newchrled.cdev, &newchrled_fops);
    //3.添加一个cdev
    cdev_add(&newchrled.cdev, newchrled.devid, NEWCHRLED_CNT);

    //4.创建类
    newchrled.class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(newchrled.class)){
        return PTR_ERR(newchrled.class);
    }

    //5. 创建设备
    newchrled.device = device_create(newchrled.class, NULL, newchrled.devid, NULL, NEWCHRLED_NAME);
    if (IS_ERR(newchrled.device)){
        return PTR_ERR(newchrled.device);
    }
    return 0;
}

static void __exit led_exit(void)
{
    iounmap(IMX6U_CCM_CCGR1);
    iounmap(SW_MUX_GPIO1_IO03);
    iounmap(SW_PAD_GPIO1_IO03);
    iounmap(GPIO1_DR);
    iounmap(GPIO1_GDIR);

    /*注销字符设备*/
    cdev_del(&newchrled.cdev);
    unregister_chrdev_region(newchrled.devid, NEWCHRLED_CNT);

    device_destroy(newchrled.class, newchrled.devid);
    class_destroy(newchrled.class);
}

module_init(led_init);
module_exit(led_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("zzk");

Makefile

KERNELDIR := /home/zzk/linux/IMX6ULL/linux/temp/linux-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga_alientek

CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)
NFS_PATH := /home/zzk/linux/nfs/rootfs/lib/modules/4.1.15
obj-m := newchrled.o
obj-ko := newchrled.ko


build: kernel_modules

kernel_modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules 
	# arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc ledApp.c -o ledApp

clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean

install:
	cp $(obj-ko)   $(NFS_PATH) 

验证

1. insmod newchrled.ko