//默认值
contract DefaultValuesFunctions{
bool public b;// false
uint public u;//0
int public i;//0
address public a;//0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
bytes32 public b32;// 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
//如果不需要修改,想要变成常量,就加constant,变量名大写,如:bool public constant B;
}
//判断控制
contract IfElseFunctions{
function example(uint x) external pure returns(uint){
if(x<10){
return 1;
}else if(x<20){
return 2;
}else{
return 3;
}
}
function ternary(uint x) external pure returns(uint){
return x<10?1:2;
}
}
//for循环
contract Loop {
function loop() public {
// for loop
for (uint i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
if (i == 3) {
// Skip to next iteration with continue
continue;
}
if (i == 5) {
// Exit loop with break
break;
}
}
// while loop
uint j;
while (j < 10) {
j++;
}
}
}
//数组
contract Array {
// Several ways to initialize an array
uint[] public arr;
uint[] public arr2 = [1, 2, 3];
// Fixed sized array, all elements initialize to 0
uint[10] public myFixedSizeArr;
function get(uint i) public view returns (uint) {
return arr[i];
}
// Solidity can return the entire array.
// But this function should be avoided for
// arrays that can grow indefinitely in length.
function getArr() public view returns (uint[] memory) {
return arr;
}
function push(uint i) public {
// Append to array
// This will increase the array length by 1.
arr.push(i);
}
function pop() public {
// Remove last element from array
// This will decrease the array length by 1
arr.pop();
}
function getLength() public view returns (uint) {
return arr.length;
}
function remove(uint index) public {
// Delete does not change the array length.
// It resets the value at index to it's default value,
// in this case 0
delete arr[index];
}
function examples() external {
// create array in memory, only fixed size can be created
uint[] memory a = new uint[](5);
}
}
//数组的删除元素
contract ArrayRemoveByShifting {
// [1, 2, 3] -- remove(1) --> [1, 3, 3] --> [1, 3]
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] -- remove(2) --> [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 6] --> [1, 2, 4, 5, 6]
// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] -- remove(0) --> [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 6] --> [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
// [1] -- remove(0) --> [1] --> []
uint[] public arr;
function remove(uint _index) public {
require(_index < arr.length, "index out of bound");
for (uint i = _index; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {
arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
}
arr.pop();
}
function test() external {
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
remove(2);
// [1, 2, 4, 5]
assert(arr[0] == 1);
assert(arr[1] == 2);
assert(arr[2] == 4);
assert(arr[3] == 5);
assert(arr.length == 4);
arr = [1];
remove(0);
// []
assert(arr.length == 0);
}
}
//映射
contract Mapping {
// Mapping from address to uint
mapping(address => uint) public myMap;
function get(address _addr) public view returns (uint) {
// Mapping always returns a value.
// If the value was never set, it will return the default value.
return myMap[_addr];
}
function set(address _addr, uint _i) public {
// Update the value at this address
myMap[_addr] = _i;
}
function remove(address _addr) public {
// Reset the value to the default value.
delete myMap[_addr];
}
}
contract NestedMapping {
// Nested mapping (mapping from address to another mapping)
mapping(address => mapping(uint => bool)) public nested;
function get(address _addr1, uint _i) public view returns (bool) {
// You can get values from a nested mapping
// even when it is not initialized
return nested[_addr1][_i];
}
function set(
address _addr1,
uint _i,
bool _boo
) public {
nested[_addr1][_i] = _boo;
}
function remove(address _addr1, uint _i) public {
delete nested[_addr1][_i];
}
}
solidity基础语法(二)
本文介绍了Solidity语言中智能合约的基础元素,包括变量的默认值、条件判断(if-else和三元运算符)、循环(for和while),以及数组和映射的使用方法,包括初始化、操作和删除元素。同时展示了如何在合约中处理嵌套映射。
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