Messenger:信使
官方文档解释:它引用了一个Handler对象,以便others能够向它发送消息(使用mMessenger.send(Message msg)方法)。该类允许跨进程间基于Message的通信(即两个进程间可以通过Message进行通信),在服务端使用Handler创建一个Messenger,客户端持有这个Messenger就可以与服务端通信了。
以前我们使用Handler+Message的方式进行通信,都是在同一个进程中,从线程持有一个主线程的Handler对象,并向主线程发送消息。
而Android既然可以使用bindler机制进行跨进行通信,所以我们当然可以将Handler与bindler结合起来进行跨进程发送消息。
查看API就可以发现,Messenger就是这种方式的实现。
一般使用方法如下:
1。远程通过
创建一个信使对象
2。客户端使用bindlerService请求连接远程
3。远程onBind方法返回一个bindler
4.客户端使用远程返回的bindler得到一个信使(即得到远程信使)
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
rMessenger = new Messenger(service);
......
}
这里虽然是new了一个Messenger,但我们查看它的实现
public Messenger(IBinder target) { mTarget = IMessenger.Stub.asInterface(target); }
发现它的mTarget是通过Aidl得到的,实际上就是远程创建的那个。
5。客户端可以使用这个远程信使对象向远程发送消息:rMessenger.send(msg);
这样远程服务端的Handler对象就能收到消息了,然后可以在其handlerMessage(Message msg)方法中进行处理。(该Handler对象就是第一步服务端创建Messenger时使用的参数mHandler).
经过这5个步骤貌似只有客户端向服务端发送消息,这样的消息传递是单向的,那么如何实现双向传递呢?
首先需要在第5步稍加修改,在send(msg)前通过msm.replyTo = mMessenger将自己的信使设置到消息中,这样服务端接收到消息时同时也得到了客户端的信使对象了,然后服务端可以通过/得到客户端的信使对象,并向它发送消息 cMessenger = msg.replyTo; cMessenger.send(message);
即完成了从服务端向客户端发送消息的功能,这样客服端可以在自己的Handler对象的handlerMessage方法中接收服务端发送来的message进行处理。
双向通信宣告完成。
以下代码来自ApiDemo
Service code:
- public class MessengerService extends Service {
- /** For showing and hiding our notification. */
- NotificationManager mNM;
- /** Keeps track of all current registered clients. */
- ArrayList<Messenger> mClients = new ArrayList<Messenger>();
- /** Holds last value set by a client. */
- int mValue = 0;
- /**
- * Command to the service to register a client, receiving callbacks
- * from the service. The Message's replyTo field must be a Messenger of
- * the client where callbacks should be sent.
- */
- static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1;
- /**
- * Command to the service to unregister a client, ot stop receiving callbacks
- * from the service. The Message's replyTo field must be a Messenger of
- * the client as previously given with MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT.
- */
- static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2;
- /**
- * Command to service to set a new value. This can be sent to the
- * service to supply a new value, and will be sent by the service to
- * any registered clients with the new value.
- */
- static final int MSG_SET_VALUE = 3;
- /**
- * Handler of incoming messages from clients.
- */
- class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT:
- mClients.add(msg.replyTo);
- break;
- case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT:
- mClients.remove(msg.replyTo);
- break;
- case MSG_SET_VALUE:
- mValue = msg.arg1;
- for (int i = mClients.size() - 1; i >= 0; i --) {
- try {
- mClients.get(i).send(Message.obtain(null,
- MSG_SET_VALUE, mValue, 0));
- } catch (RemoteException e) {
- // The client is dead. Remove it from the list;
- // we are going through the list from back to front
- // so this is safe to do inside the loop.
- mClients.remove(i);
- }
- }
- break;
- default:
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler.
- */
- final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
- @Override
- public void onCreate() {
- mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
- // Display a notification about us starting.
- showNotification();
- }
- @Override
- public void onDestroy() {
- // Cancel the persistent notification.
- mNM.cancel(R.string.remote_service_started);
- // Tell the user we stopped.
- Toast.makeText(this, R.string.remote_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- /**
- * When binding to the service, we return an interface to our messenger
- * for sending messages to the service.
- */
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return mMessenger.getBinder();
- }
- /**
- * Show a notification while this service is running.
- */
- private void showNotification() {
- // In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
- CharSequence text = getText(R.string.remote_service_started);
- // Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp
- Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.stat_sample, text,
- System.currentTimeMillis());
- // The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
- PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
- new Intent(this, Controller.class), 0);
- // Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
- notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.remote_service_label),
- text, contentIntent);
- // Send the notification.
- // We use a string id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel.
- mNM.notify(R.string.remote_service_started, notification);
- }
- }