Spring Integration JUnit

在项目中，把自己的项目进行自我测试是一个好的习惯。而在Java中我们可以使用JUnit进行单元测试。但是在一般的企业级项目中我们都会使用Spring进行开发。那么如何把Spring DI components与JUnit frameworks结合起来进行单元测试呢？

Technologies used:

1. JUnit 4.12
2. Hamcrest 1.3
3. Spring 4.3.0.RELEASE
4. Maven

1、项目依赖

为了把Spring和JUnit集成起来，需要使用spring-test.jar

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
    <exclusions>
        <exclusion>
            <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
            <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>
        </exclusion>
    </exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>
    <artifactId>hamcrest-library</artifactId>
    <version>1.3</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.0.RELEASE</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2、Spring Components

一个简单的Spring components,后面用于测试
2.1 An interface.

DataModelService.java

package com.junit.spring.carl.examples;

public interface DataModelService {

    boolean isValid(String input);

}

2.2上面interface的实现.

MachineLearningService.java

package com.junit.spring.carl.examples;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service("ml")
public class MachineLearningService implements DataModelService {

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(String input) {
        return true;
    }

}

2.3 Spring配置文件, 用于component扫描，当然你也可以使用xml的形式。

AppConfig.java

package com.junit.spring.carl.examples;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.junit.spring.carl.examples.spring"})
public class AppConfig {
}

3、JUnit + Spring Integration

使用JUnit的测试类@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
并且手动的加载Spring配置方法。如下 :

MachineLearningTest.java

package com.junit.spring.carl;

import com.junit.spring.carl.examples.AppConfig;
import com.junit.spring.carl.examples.DataModelService;
import com.junit.spring.carl.examples.MachineLearningService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {AppConfig.class})
public class MachineLearningTest {

    //DI
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier("ml")
    DataModelService ml;

    @Test
    public void test_ml_always_return_true() {

        //assert correct type/impl
        assertThat(ml, instanceOf(MachineLearningService.class));

        //assert true
        assertThat(ml.isValid(""), is(true));

    }
}

ok.

4、Result

5、FAQs

5.1 For xml,如下：

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(locations = {
        "classpath:appConfig.xml",
        "classpath:appConfig2.xml"})
public class MachineLearningTest {
//...
}

5.2 多个configuration文件:

import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;

@ContextConfiguration(classes = {AppConfig.class, AppConfig2.class})
public class MachineLearningTest {
//...
}