生产库DG的切换演练

1、单实例到单实例的切换
先将主库切换成备库，然后将原主库启动到物理库的状态

SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TO STANDBY

SQL> Alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
Database altered.

SQL> shut immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  304807936 bytes
Fixed Size                  2212856 bytes
Variable Size             176163848 bytes
Database Buffers          121634816 bytes
Redo Buffers                4796416 bytes

SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
Database altered.


然后将备库切换成主库
SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
--------------------
TO PRIMARY

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY; 
Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE open; 
Database altered.

RAC到单实例的切换
现有RAC(12C)到单实例的物理DATAGUARD，需要SWITCHOVER主库到单实例上 ，使原来的
RAC成为备库，单实例备库成为主库.
   在rac和单实例备库上检查DG的相关参数，确认无误.
在RAC上，手动实现switch logfile,然后检查备库是已经应用了相用的logfile,以确保事务
完全在备库上应用。
 
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.0/db_1/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence     69
Next log sequence to archive   70
Current log sequence           70
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
 
DG备库上检查
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select process,client_process,thread#,sequence# from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS   CLIENT_P    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#
--------- -------- ---------- ----------
ARCH      ARCH              1         68
ARCH      ARCH              1         64
ARCH      ARCH              0          0
ARCH      ARCH              1         69
RFS       UNKNOWN           0          0
RFS       ARCH              0          0
RFS       LGWR              2         30
RFS       UNKNOWN           0          0
RFS       LGWR              1         70
RFS       ARCH              0          0
RFS       UNKNOWN           0          0
PROCESS   CLIENT_P    THREAD#  SEQUENCE#
--------- -------- ---------- ----------
RFS       UNKNOWN           0          0
MRP0      N/A               1         70
13 rows selected.
在rac主库上执行

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY

在dg备库提升为主库.
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
打开单实例数据库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.

在11.2的版本中在SWITCHOVER时，不需要再更改cluster_database参数重启数据库了，这一点
比原来方便很多.

在rac节点上启动日志应用.
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ ONLY WITH APPLY             --default已经使用active dataguard了.

在单实例主库上手动切换日志，检查在rac备库上应用情况，确认DATAGUARD工作正常.