Android学习-网络技术HttpURLConnection和OKHttp

HttpURLConnection的用法

1.获取一个HttpURLConnection的实例，并传入目标地址，然后调用openConnection方法：

URL url=new URl("www.baidu.com");
HttpURLConnection connection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

2.设置HTTP请求所使用的方法分为:GET和POST
GET表示从服务器那里获取，POST表示希望提交数据给服务器

connection.setRequestMethod("GET");

如果使用POST的方式提交，需要在获取输入流之前把提交的数据写出，注意每条数据要以键值对的形式存在，中间用&，例如提交用户名和密码：

connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
DataOutputStream out=new DataOutputStream(connection.getOutputStream());
out.writeByte("username=admin&password=123");

3.设置链接超时读取超时等

connection.setConnectionTimeout(8000);
connection.setReadTimeout(8000);

4.调用getInputStream()获取服务器返回的输入流，然后对输入流读取

InputStream in=connection.getInputStream();

5.关闭

connection.disconnect()

OkHttp

开源的OkHttp由Square公司开发，可以替代原生的HttpURLConnection。主页地址：https://github.com/square/okhttp

1.需要先添加依赖库，编辑app/build.gradle文件
compile “com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.4.1”
2.创建一个实例
OkHttpClient client=new OkHttpClient();
3.创建一个request对象
Request request=new Request.Builder.build();
可以在build（）方法之前丰富request对象。

Request request=new Request.Builder
.url(""www.baidu.com)
.build();

4.创建一个newCall()对象并调用他的execute()方法来发送请求并获取返回的数据
Response response=client.newCall(request).execute();
response对象就是服务器返回的数据
String responseData=response.body().string();
如果发起一个POST请求比GET复杂一点，需要构建出一个RequestBody对象来存放待提交的参数：

ResponseBody requestBody=new FormBody.Builder()
.add("username","admin")
.add("password","123")
.build();

然后在Request.Builder中调用一下post,把RequestBody传入：

Request request=new Request.Builder()
.url("")
.post(requestBody)
.build();

HttpURLConnection与OKhttp的实例代码：

package com.example.administrator.networktest;

import android.app.VoiceInteractor;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

import okhttp3.OkHttpClient;
import okhttp3.Request;
import okhttp3.Response;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    TextView responseText;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        Button sendRequest=(Button) findViewById(R.id.send_request);
        responseText=(TextView) findViewById(R.id.response_text);
        sendRequest.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    public void onClick(View v){
            if(v.getId()==R.id.send_request){
               // sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection();
                sendRequestWithOkHttp();//用okhttp
            }
    }
    private void sendRequestWithOkHttp(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try{
                    OkHttpClient okHttpClient=new OkHttpClient();
                    Request request=new Request.Builder()
                            .url("https://www.baidu.com")
                            .build();
                    Response response=okHttpClient.newCall(request).execute();
                    String responseData=response.body().string();


                    showResponse(responseData);
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

            }
        }

        ).start();

    }
    private  void sendRequestWithHttpURLConnection(){
        //开启线程发起网络请求
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                HttpURLConnection connection=null;
                BufferedReader reader=null;
                try{
                    URL url=new URL("https://www.baidu.com");
                    connection=(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
                    connection.setConnectTimeout(8000);
                    connection.setReadTimeout(8000);
                    InputStream in=connection.getInputStream();
                    //下面对获取到的输入流进去读取
                    reader=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
                    StringBuilder response =new StringBuilder();
                    String line;
                    while((line=reader.readLine())!=null){
                        response.append(line);
                    }
                    showResponse(response.toString());
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }finally {
                    if(reader!=null){
                        try{
                            reader.close();
                        }catch (Exception e){
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                    if(connection!=null){
                       connection.disconnect();
                    }
                }

            }
        }

        ).start();
    }
    private  void showResponse(final String response){
        runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                responseText.setText(response);
            }
        });
    }
}

showResponse中调用了一个runOnUiThread()方法。因为android不允许在子线程中进行UI的操作，所以要通过这个方法切换到主线程去。