iOS：CoreData 的使用示例

CoreData的使用：

第一步：创建一个 DataDemo.xcdatamodel 文件，在其中建一个实体名字为 Entity，实体中建两个字段 id 和 name。
第二步：为项目添加 CoreData.framework 框架，然后在 .pch 中加入 #import <coredata/coredata.h>
第三步：在 app delegate 中定义 core data 的相关对象（同时完成它们的初始化工作）
.h 文件：

#import <coredata/coredata.h>
@private NSManagedObjectModel *managedObjectModel;    
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSManagedObjectModel *managedObjectModel;
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext;
@property (nonatomic, retain, readonly) NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *persistentStoreCoordinator;

- (NSString *)applicationDocumentsDirectory;
- (void)saveContext;

.m 文件：

@synthesize managedObjectModel;
@synthesize managedObjectContext;
@synthesize persistentStoreCoordinator;
 
 - (void)dealloc {    
     [managedObjectModel release];    
     [managedObjectContext release];    
     [persistentStoreCoordinator release];    
     [super dealloc];
 }
- (NSString*)applicationDocumentsDirectory{     
    // return [[[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask] lastObject];    
    NSArray *paths =  NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES);
    // 判断document目录下是否存在文件夹，如果为0则置为nil
    NSString *basePath = ([paths count] > 0) ? [paths objectAtIndex:0] : nil;    
    return basePath;    
    // return [NSURL URLWithString:basePath];
}

- (void)saveContext{       
    NSError *error = nil;      
    NSManagedObjectContext *objectContext = self.managedObjectContext;      
    if (objectContext != nil){             
        if ([objectContext hasChanges] && ![objectContext save:&error]) {       
            NSLog(@"Unresolved error %@, %@", error, [error userInfo]);                      
    　　abort();
    　　}      
    }
}
- (NSManagedObjectContext *)managedObjectContext{    
　　if (managedObjectContext != nil) {        
　　　　return managedObjectContext;    
　　}    
　　NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *coordinator = [self persistentStoreCoordinator];    
　　if (coordinator != nil) {        
　　　　managedObjectContext = [[NSManagedObjectContext alloc] init];        
　　　　[managedObjectContext setPersistentStoreCoordinator:coordinator];    
　　}    
　　return managedObjectContext;
}
- (NSManagedObjectModel *)managedObjectModel{    
　　if (managedObjectModel != nil) {        
　　    return managedObjectModel;    
　　}    
　　// 从本地所有 xcdatamodel 文件中获得这个 CoreData 的数据模板    
　　managedObjectModel = [[NSManagedObjectModel mergedModelFromBundles:nil] retain];    
　　return managedObjectModel;
}
- (NSPersistentStoreCoordinator *)persistentStoreCoordinator{    
　　if (persistentStoreCoordinator != nil) {        
　　　　return persistentStoreCoordinator;    
　　}    
　　// 数据库名为TestDB.sqlite    
　　NSURL *storeUrl = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:[[self applicationDocumentsDirectory] stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"TestDB.sqlite"]];    
　　NSError *error;    
　　persistentStoreCoordinator = [[NSPersistentStoreCoordinator alloc] initWithManagedObjectModel:[self managedObjectModel]];    
　　if (![persistentStoreCoordinator addPersistentStoreWithType:NSSQLiteStoreType configuration:nil URL:storeUrl options:nil error:&error]) {        
　　　　NSAssert(0, @"persistentStoreCoordinator init failed!");    
　　}    
　　return persistentStoreCoordinator;
}
- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application{    
　　NSError *error;    
　　if (managedObjectContext != nil) {        
　　　　if ([managedObjectContext hasChanges] && ![managedObjectContext save:&error]) {            
　　　　    NSAssert(0, @"save changes failed when terminage application!");        
　　　　}    
　　}
}

第四步：在相关的 viewcontroller 中操作数据，基本的 core data 操作代码如下：

NSError *error; 
testSQLiteAppDelegate *app = (testSQLiteAppDelegate*)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate]; 
NSManagedObjectContext *context = app.managedObjectContext;  
// 1、插入 
NSManagedObject *newManagedObject  = nil; 
newManagedObject = [NSEntityDescription insertNewObjectForEntityForName:@"Entity1" inManagedObjectContext:context]; 
[newManagedObject setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:1] forKey:@"id"]; 
[newManagedObject setValue:@"i love you" forKey:@"name"]; 
if (![context save:&error]){    
 　　NSLog (@"The error is: %@", [error userInfo]); 
} else {    
 　　NSLog (@"The newManagedObject's id is: %@", [newManagedObject valueForKey:@"id"]); 
}
// 2、查询 
NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init]; 
NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Entity1" inManagedObjectContext:context]; 
NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor1 = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"id" ascending:YES]; 
NSSortDescriptor *sortDescriptor2 = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"name" ascending:YES]; 
NSArray *sortDescriptors = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:sortDescriptor1, sortDescriptor2, nil]; 
[fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:sortDescriptors]; 
[fetchRequest setEntity:entity]; [fetchRequest setFetchBatchSize:20]; 
NSArray *objects = [context executeFetchRequest: fetchRequest error:&error]; 
if (objects == nil) {     
　 NSLog(@"There was an error!"); 
} else {    
    for (NSManagedObject *oneObject in objects)    {      
    NSLog(@"%@",[oneObject valueForKey:@"name"]);    
    }         
}
// 3、删除 　　
[context deleteObject:[objects objectAtIndex:0]];
if (![context save:&error]) {     
 　exit(-1); 
}

这里更详细的补充一点关于 core data 的操作代码：
1、条件过滤:选择 cid=1 的数据

- (NSFetchedResultsController*) fetchedResultsController {        
　　NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"cid=1"];        
　　[fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate]; 
}

2、通用代码，在 viewcontroller 里面会用到：
TestViewController.h 的代码：

@interface TestViewController : UITableViewController <NSFetchedResultsControllerDelegate>{        
　　NSFetchedResultsController *fetchedResultsController;    
　　NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext;      
}  
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSFetchedResultsController *fetchedResultsController;
@property (nonatomic, retain) NSManagedObjectContext *managedObjectContext;  
- (void)configureCell:(UITableViewCell *)cell withCategory:(Category *)category;
@end

TestViewController.m 的代码：

- (NSFetchedResultsController *)fetchedResultsController {
    if (fetchedResultsController != nil){
        return fetchedResultsController;
    }
    NSFetchRequest *fetchRequest = [[NSFetchRequest alloc] init];
    NSEntityDescription *entity = [NSEntityDescription entityForName:@"Category" inManagedObjectContext managedObjectContext];
    [fetchRequest setEntity:entity];
    NSSortDescriptor *nameDescriptor = [[NSSortDescriptor alloc] initWithKey:@"name" ascending:YES];
    NSArray *arraySortDescriptor = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:nameDescriptor, nil];
    [fetchRequest setSortDescriptors:arraySortDescriptor];
    NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:cidString];
    [fetchRequest setPredicate:predicate];
    NSFetchedResultsController *frController =  [[NSFetchedResultsController alloc] initWithFetchRequest:fetchRequest managedObjectContext:managedObjectContext sectionNameKeyPath:@"name" cacheName:@"Root"];
    frController.delegate = self;
    self.fetchedResultsController = frController;
    [frController release];
    [fetchRequest release];
    [nameDescriptor release];
    return fetchedResultsController;
}    
- (void)controllerWillChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *) {
           [self.tableView beginUpdates];
}
- (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller didChangeObject:(id)anObject   atIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath forChangeType: (NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type   newIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)newIndexPath   {          
        UITableView *tableView = self.tableView;
        switch (type) {
            case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:
                [tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
                break;
            case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:[tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
                break;
            case NSFetchedResultsChangeMove:[tableView deleteRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:indexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
                [tableView insertRowsAtIndexPaths:[NSArray arrayWithObject:newIndexPath] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
                break;
            case NSFetchedResultsChangeUpdate:
                [self configureCell:[tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:indexPath] withCategory:anObject];
                break;
            default:
            break;
        }
    }
- (void)controller:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller didChangeSection:(id <NSFetchedResultsSectionInfo>)sectionInfo atIndex:(NSUInteger)sectionIndex forChangeType:(NSFetchedResultsChangeType)type {
        switch(type) {
            case NSFetchedResultsChangeInsert:[self.tableView insertSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
                break;
            case NSFetchedResultsChangeDelete:[self.tableView deleteSections:[NSIndexSet indexSetWithIndex:sectionIndex] withRowAnimation:UITableViewRowAnimationFade];
                break;
        }
}
- (void)controllerDidChangeContent:(NSFetchedResultsController *)controller {
        [self.tableView endUpdates];
}