1、Zuul简介
Zuul的主要功能是路由转发和过滤器。路由功能是微服务的一部分,比如/api/user转发到到user服务,/api/shop转发到到shop服务。zuul默认和Ribbon结合实现了负载均衡的功能。
zuul有以下功能:
Authentication:身份认证
Insights:洞察力
Stress Testing:压力测试
Canary Testing:金丝雀测试
Dynamic Routing:动态路由
Service Migration:服务迁移
Load Shedding:甩负荷
Security:安全
Static Response handling:静态响应处理
Active/Active traffic management:主动、主动交通管理
2、创建eureka-zuul工程
A、导入依赖:
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- zuul -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
B、在其入口applicaton类加上注解@EnableZuulProxy,开启zuul的功能:
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
@SpringBootApplication
public class EurekaZuulApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaZuulApplication.class, args);
}
}
C、加上配置文件application.yml加上以下的配置代码:
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8769
spring:
application:
name: eruka-zuul
zuul:
routes:
api-a:
path: /api-a/**
serviceId: eureka-ribbon
api-b:
path: /api-b/**
serviceId: eureka-feign
D、启动测试
首先指定服务注册中心的地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,服务的端口为8769,服务名为eureka-zuul;以/api-a/ 开头的请求都转发给eureka-ribbon服务;以/api-b/开头的请求都转发给eureka-feign服务;
依次运行这五个工程;打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hello?name=adou ;浏览器显示:
hello adou,i am from port:8762
打开浏览器访问:http://localhost:8769/api-b/hello?name=adou ;浏览器显示:
hello adou,i am from port:8762
3、服务过滤
A、zuul不仅只是路由,并且还能过滤,做一些安全验证
继续改造工程
@Component
public class MyFilter extends ZuulFilter {
private static Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyFilter.class);
@Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
}
@Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
}
@Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
}
@Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest request = ctx.getRequest();
log.info(String.format("%s >>> %s", request.getMethod(), request.getRequestURL().toString()));
Object accessToken = request.getParameter("token");
if(accessToken == null) {
log.warn("token is empty");
ctx.setSendZuulResponse(false);
ctx.setResponseStatusCode(401);
try {
ctx.getResponse().getWriter().write("token is empty");
}catch (Exception e){}
return null;
}
log.info("ok");
return null;
}
}
filterType:返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型,在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型,具体如下:
pre:路由之前
routing:路由之时
post: 路由之后
error:发送错误调用
filterOrder:过滤的顺序
shouldFilter:这里可以写逻辑判断,是否要过滤,本文true,永远过滤。
run:过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂,包括查sql,nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。
B、启动测试
这时访问:http://localhost:8769/api-a/hello?name=adou;网页显示:
token is empty
访问 http://localhost:8769/api-a/hello?name=adou&token=22 ;
网页显示:
hello forezp,i am from port:8762