Spring中@Scheduled注解生效和执行原理全解析

首先,使@Scheduled生效的注解是

@EnableScheduling

可以标注在配置类或者Application类上.

/ * @author Chris Beams
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @since 3.1
 * @see Scheduled
 * @see SchedulingConfiguration
 * @see SchedulingConfigurer
 * @see ScheduledTaskRegistrar
 * @see Trigger
 * @see ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor
 */
@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Import(SchedulingConfiguration.class)
@Documented
public @interface EnableScheduling {

}

这里只引入了SchedulingConfiguration.class这个类,这个类也是配置类.

这个配置类里又实例化了ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

new ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor()和ScheduledTaskRegistrar

new ScheduledTaskRegistrar();

这个ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor类是@Scheduled注解的实际处理类.

ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor实现了BeanPostProcessor接口.

org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#postProcessAfterInitialization方法处理了校验信息,然后调用

org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.ScheduledAnnotationBeanPostProcessor#processScheduled方法处理任务,这里有三种task,分别是CronTask,FixedDelayTask,FixedRateTask.分别用三种方法去处理task.

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleCronTask(new CronTask(runnable, new CronTrigger(cron, timeZone))));

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedDelayTask(new FixedDelayTask(runnable, fixedDelay, initialDelay)));

tasks.add(this.registrar.scheduleFixedRateTask(new FixedRateTask(runnable, fixedRate, initialDelay)));

ApplicationContext容器初始化的时候把所有的任务都放到Map容器中,并且配置好了执行规则.

上面我们知道实例化了ScheduledTaskRegistrar对象,在afterPropertiesSet时,执行了执行器

TaskScheduler的初始化.以及一些初始任务的执行

   /**
	 * Calls {@link #scheduleTasks()} at bean construction time.
	 */
	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() {
		scheduleTasks();
	}

    /**
	 * Schedule all registered tasks against the underlying
	 * {@linkplain #setTaskScheduler(TaskScheduler) task scheduler}.
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	protected void scheduleTasks() {
		if (this.taskScheduler == null) {
			this.localExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();
			this.taskScheduler = new ConcurrentTaskScheduler(this.localExecutor);
		}
		if (this.triggerTasks != null) {
			for (TriggerTask task : this.triggerTasks) {
				addScheduledTask(scheduleTriggerTask(task));
			}
		}
		if (this.cronTasks != null) {
			for (CronTask task : this.cronTasks) {
				addScheduledTask(scheduleCronTask(task));
			}
		}
		if (this.fixedRateTasks != null) {
			for (IntervalTask task : this.fixedRateTasks) {
				addScheduledTask(scheduleFixedRateTask(task));
			}
		}
		if (this.fixedDelayTasks != null) {
			for (IntervalTask task : this.fixedDelayTasks) {
				addScheduledTask(scheduleFixedDelayTask(task));
			}
		}
	}

有了初始化好的执行器,并且有了配置规则,那么@Scheduled任务就按部就班执行就好了.

org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ReschedulingRunnable#run

然后会调用自己的方法.每执行结束就计算下一次执行时间.如此周而复始.