Conversation One
W: Hi, Bill, how is it going?
M: Oh, hi, Jan. I’m OK. How about you?
W: You can probably tell just by looking at me.I’m really busy. Hey, what are you reading?
M: A pretty interesting article.My biology professor assigned it,and I thought I just look it over.But I got really involved in it.It’s about endangered species.
W: That sounds pretty interesting.I’m getting frustrated with the two research papers I’m struggling with. And can you believe they are both due on the same day?
M: That’s tough.
W: I’ll get through it.So what’s this you are reading?
M: Well, it’s basically about the choices conservationists(自然资源保护论者) are faced with.You know, these days when funding is so hard to come by.
W: Wait a minute. Is the focus on biology or economics?
M: Both. Conservationists don’t have enough funding to save every endangered species in the world,so they have to decide based on what would be lost if a species became extinct.
W: Can you give me an example of what you mean?
M: Take for instance, two animals,the spotted owl(猫头鹰，关于晚上活动的人) and the tailed(尾随) toad(蟾蜍，讨厌的家伙).The article says the toad is unique. It has no relatives.But there are a lot of varieties of owls.
W: So, if that toad became extinct,we’d lose an important link in the chain of evolution, right?
M: Exactly. But that isn’t so for the owl. So for conservationists, it might be a clear choice of which animal to save.
W: I see. I am glad I don’t have to make that kind of decision. Aren’t you?
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
10. What problems do conservationists have?
11. What can be inferred about the tailed toad?
Conversation Two
M：Good evening, dear audience.I’m glad to continue the topic about music. It is common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions.In fact, since 1930s, music therapists(治疗专家) have relied on music to soothe(安慰，使平静，缓和) patients and help control pain. Now psychologists are confirming(确定)that music can also help relieve depression and improve concentration.
W: That’s nice. Do they have any concrete examples?
M: For instance, in a recent study,15 surgeons(外科医生) were given some highly stressed math problems to solve.They were divided into three groups:one worked in silence; and in another,the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones(耳机，听筒); the third listened to classic music chosen by the researchers.
W: What’re the results?
M: The results of the study may surprise you.The doctors who got to choose their music experienced less stress and scored better than the others.
W: That is surprising. How to explain this?
M: One possible explanation(解释，说明) is that listening to music you like stimulates(起促进作用的) the Alfa-wave in the brain,increases the heart rate and expands the breathing.That helps to reduce stress and sharpen concentration.
W: Is there any other research?
M: Yes. Other research suggests a second relation between the music and the brain:by examining the student’s blood after listening to a variety of classical music collections,the researchers found that some students showed a large increase in a chemical substance(化学物质),a natural pain reliever(镇痛药), in their blood,
which can help soothe the patient.
W: Well, thank you so much for being with us today and having us know about another function of music.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What is the talk mainly about?
13. According to the speaker how is the music therapy currently used in medicine?
14. What did the study done with surgeons show?
15. What effect did music have in the study of students exposed to classic music?
W: Hi, Bill, how is it going?
M: Oh, hi, Jan. I’m OK. How about you?
W: You can probably tell just by looking at me.I’m really busy. Hey, what are you reading?
M: A pretty interesting article.My biology professor assigned it,and I thought I just look it over.But I got really involved in it.It’s about endangered species.
W: That sounds pretty interesting.I’m getting frustrated with the two research papers I’m struggling with. And can you believe they are both due on the same day?
M: That’s tough.
W: I’ll get through it.So what’s this you are reading?
M: Well, it’s basically about the choices conservationists(自然资源保护论者) are faced with.You know, these days when funding is so hard to come by.
W: Wait a minute. Is the focus on biology or economics?
M: Both. Conservationists don’t have enough funding to save every endangered species in the world,so they have to decide based on what would be lost if a species became extinct.
W: Can you give me an example of what you mean?
M: Take for instance, two animals,the spotted owl(猫头鹰，关于晚上活动的人) and the tailed(尾随) toad(蟾蜍，讨厌的家伙).The article says the toad is unique. It has no relatives.But there are a lot of varieties of owls.
W: So, if that toad became extinct,we’d lose an important link in the chain of evolution, right?
M: Exactly. But that isn’t so for the owl. So for conservationists, it might be a clear choice of which animal to save.
W: I see. I am glad I don’t have to make that kind of decision. Aren’t you?
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
9. What are the speakers mainly discussing?
10. What problems do conservationists have?
11. What can be inferred about the tailed toad?
Conversation Two
M：Good evening, dear audience.I’m glad to continue the topic about music. It is common knowledge that music can have a powerful effect on our emotions.In fact, since 1930s, music therapists(治疗专家) have relied on music to soothe(安慰，使平静，缓和) patients and help control pain. Now psychologists are confirming(确定)that music can also help relieve depression and improve concentration.
W: That’s nice. Do they have any concrete examples?
M: For instance, in a recent study,15 surgeons(外科医生) were given some highly stressed math problems to solve.They were divided into three groups:one worked in silence; and in another,the surgeons listened to music of their choice on headphones(耳机，听筒); the third listened to classic music chosen by the researchers.
W: What’re the results?
M: The results of the study may surprise you.The doctors who got to choose their music experienced less stress and scored better than the others.
W: That is surprising. How to explain this?
M: One possible explanation(解释，说明) is that listening to music you like stimulates(起促进作用的) the Alfa-wave in the brain,increases the heart rate and expands the breathing.That helps to reduce stress and sharpen concentration.
W: Is there any other research?
M: Yes. Other research suggests a second relation between the music and the brain:by examining the student’s blood after listening to a variety of classical music collections,the researchers found that some students showed a large increase in a chemical substance(化学物质),a natural pain reliever(镇痛药), in their blood,
which can help soothe the patient.
W: Well, thank you so much for being with us today and having us know about another function of music.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. What is the talk mainly about?
13. According to the speaker how is the music therapy currently used in medicine?
14. What did the study done with surgeons show?
15. What effect did music have in the study of students exposed to classic music?
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