Executor、ExecutorService、ThreadPoolExecutor介绍
1.Executor
源码非常简单,只有一个execute(Runnable command)回调接口
public interface Executor {
/**
* Executes the given command at some time in the future. The command
* may execute in a new thread, in a pooled thread, or in the calling
* thread, at the discretion of the <tt>Executor</tt> implementation.
*
* @param command the runnable task
* @throws RejectedExecutionException if this task cannot be
* accepted for execution.
* @throws NullPointerException if command is null
*/
void execute(Runnable command);
}
执行已提交的 Runnable 任务对象。此接口提供一种将任务提交与每个任务将如何运行的机制(包括线程使用的细节、调度等)分离开来的方法。通常使用 Executor 而不是显式地创建线程。例如,可能会使用以下方法,而不是为一组任务中的每个任务调用 new Thread(new(RunnableTask())).start():
Executor executor = anExecutor;
executor.execute(new RunnableTask1());
executor.execute(new RunnableTask2());
…
不过,Executor 接口并没有严格地要求执行是异步的。在最简单的情况下,执行程序可以在调用方的线程中立即运行已提交的任务:
class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
public void execute(Runnable r) {
r.run();
}
}
更常见的是,任务是在某个不是调用方线程的线程中执行的。以下执行程序将为每个任务生成一个新线程。
class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor {
public void execute(Runnable r) {
new Thread(r).start();
}
}
许多 Executor 实现都对调度任务的方式和时间强加了某种限制。以下执行程序使任务提交与第二个执行程序保持连续,这说明了一个复合执行程序。
class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final Queue tasks = new LinkedBlockingQueue();
final Executor executor;
Runnable active;
SerialExecutor(Executor executor) {
this.executor = executor;
}
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
tasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (active == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((active = tasks.poll()) != null) {
executor.execute(active);
}
}
}