oracle异常 ORA-01034: oracle not available

虚拟机系统关闭了再次启动后，oracle实例没开启，连接数据库时提示
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist

问题

$ sqlplus c##cott/root

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 10月 16 09:29:59 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3701
Additional information: -1146797405
进程 ID: 0
会话 ID: 0 序列号: 0

解决问题

1.连接数据库提示，数据库不可用

$ sqlplus c##scott/root

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 10月 16 09:31:45 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3701
Additional information: -1146797405
进程 ID: 0
会话 ID: 0 序列号: 0

2.超级用户连接数据库

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 10月 16 09:32:49 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

已连接到空闲例程。

3.**启动数据库 **

SQL> startup;
ORACLE 例程已经启动。

Total System Global Area 1593835520 bytes
Fixed Size                  8793256 bytes
Variable Size             973079384 bytes
Database Buffers          603979776 bytes
Redo Buffers                7983104 bytes
数据库装载完毕。
数据库已经打开。

4.**再次连接数据库 **

$ sqlplus c##scott/root

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 10月 16 09:43:49 2020

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

上次成功登录时间: 星期四 10月 15 2020 14:44:01 +08:00

连接到: 
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production