一个公共工程中的Spring配置文件,可能会被多个工程引用。因为每个工程可能只需要公共工程中的一部分Bean,所以这些工程的Spring容器启动时,需要区分开哪些Bean要创建出来。另一种场景是:想通过Properties文件中的配置开关,就将Spring配置文件中Bean的实现切换成另一套。
方法一:Qulifier区分Bean
1.1应用实例
以Apache开源框架Jetspeed中的一段配置为例:page-manager.xml
===============================================================================
- <bean name="xmlPageManager"class="org.apache.jetspeed.page.psml.CastorXmlPageManager"init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy">
- <meta key="j2:cat" value="xmlPageManager orpageSerializer" />
- <constructor-arg index="0">
- <ref bean="IdGenerator"/>
- </constructor-arg>
- <constructor-arg index="1">
- <refbeanrefbean="xmlDocumentHandlerFactory" />
- </constructor-arg>
- ……
- </bean>
-
- <bean id="dbPageManager"class="org.apache.jetspeed.page.impl.DatabasePageManager"init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy">
- <meta key="j2:cat" value="dbPageManager orpageSerializer" />
-
- <constructor-arg index="0">
- <value>JETSPEED-INF/ojb/page-manager-repository.xml</value>
- </constructor-arg>
-
- <constructor-arg index="1">
- <ref bean="IdGenerator"/>
- </constructor-arg>
- ……
- </bean>
1.2 Bean过滤器
JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilter在Spring容器解析每个Bean定义时,会取出上面Bean配置中j2:cat对应的值,例如dbPageManageror pageSerializer。然后将这部分作为正则表达式与当前的Key(从配置文件中读出)进行匹配。只有匹配上的Bean,才会被Spring容器创建出来。
JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilter
===============================================================================
- public boolean match(BeanDefinition bd)
- {
- String beanCategoriesExpression = (String)bd.getAttribute(CATEGORY_META_KEY);
- boolean matched = true;
- if (beanCategoriesExpression != null)
- {
- matched = ((matcher != null)&& matcher.match(beanCategoriesExpression));
- }
- return matched;
-
-
- public void registerDynamicAlias(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, String beanName,BeanDefinition bd)
- {
- String aliases =(String)bd.getAttribute(ALIAS_META_KEY);
- if (aliases != null)
- {
- StringTokenizer st = newStringTokenizer(aliases, " ,");
- while (st.hasMoreTokens())
- {
- String alias = st.nextToken();
- if (!alias.equals(beanName))
- {
- registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);
- }
- }
- }
- }
===============================================================================
match()方法中的CATEGORY_META_KEY的值就是j2:cat,matcher类中保存的就是当前的Key,并负责将当前Key与每个Bean的进行正则表达式匹配。
registerDynamicAlias的作用是:在Bean匹配成功后,定制的Spring容器会调用此方法为Bean注册别名。详见下面1.3中的源码。
1.3定制Spring容器
定制一个Spring容器,重写registerBeanDefinition()方法,在Spring注册Bean时进行拦截。
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- public class FilteringXmlWebApplicationContextextends XmlWebApplicationContext
- {
- private JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilterfilter;
-
- publicFilteringXmlWebApplicationContext(JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilter filter, String[]configLocations, Properties initProperties, ServletContext servletContext)
- {
- this(filter, configLocations,initProperties, servletContext, null);
- }
-
- publicFilteringXmlWebApplicationContext(JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilter filter, String[]configLocations, Properties initProperties, ServletContext servletContext,ApplicationContext parent)
- {
- super();
- if (parent != null)
- {
- this.setParent(parent);
- }
- if (initProperties != null)
- {
- PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer ppc =new PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer();
- ppc.setIgnoreUnresolvablePlaceholders(true);
- ppc.setSystemPropertiesMode(PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer.SYSTEM_PROPERTIES_MODE_FALLBACK);
- ppc.setProperties(initProperties);
- addBeanFactoryPostProcessor(ppc);
- }
- setConfigLocations(configLocations);
- setServletContext(servletContext);
- this.filter = filter;
- }
-
- protected DefaultListableBeanFactorycreateBeanFactory()
- {
- return new FilteringListableBeanFactory(filter,getInternalParentBeanFactory());
- }
- }
-
- public classFilteringListableBeanFactory extends DefaultListableBeanFactory
- {
- private JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilterfilter;
-
- public FilteringListableBeanFactory(JetspeedBeanDefinitionFilterfilter, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory)
- {
- super(parentBeanFactory);
- this.filter = filter;
- if (this.filter == null)
- {
- this.filter = newJetspeedBeanDefinitionFilter();
- }
- this.filter.init();
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- public void registerBeanDefinition(StringbeanName, BeanDefinition bd)
- throws BeanDefinitionStoreException
- {
- if (filter.match(bd))
- {
- super.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, bd);
- if (filter != null)
- {
- filter.registerDynamicAlias(this, beanName, bd);
- }
- }
- }
- }
1.4为Bean起别名
使用BeanReferenceFactoryBean工厂Bean,将上面配置的两个Bean(xmlPageManager和dbPageManager)包装起来。将Key配成各自的,实现通过配置当前Key来切换两种实现。别名都配成一个,这样引用他们的Bean就直接引用这个别名就行了。例如下面的PageLayoutComponent。
page-manager.xml
===============================================================================
- <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanReferenceFactoryBean">
- <meta key="j2:cat"value="xmlPageManager" />
- <meta key="j2:alias"value="org.apache.jetspeed.page.PageManager" />
- <propertynamepropertyname="targetBeanName" value="xmlPageManager" />
- </bean>
-
- <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanReferenceFactoryBean">
- <meta key="j2:cat"value="dbPageManager" />
- <meta key="j2:alias"value="org.apache.jetspeed.page.PageManager" />
- <propertynamepropertyname="targetBeanName" value="dbPageManager" />
- </bean>
-
- <bean id="org.apache.jetspeed.layout.PageLayoutComponent"
- class="org.apache.jetspeed.layout.impl.PageLayoutComponentImpl">
- <meta key="j2:cat"value="default" />
- <constructor-arg index="0">
- <refbeanrefbean="org.apache.jetspeed.page.PageManager" />
- </constructor-arg>
- <constructor-arg index="1">
- <value>jetspeed-layouts::VelocityOneColumn</value>
- </constructor-arg>
- </bean>
方法二:使用注解区分Bean