Java中BigDecimal的8种舍入模式通俗理解

java.math.BigDecimal

不可变的、任意精度的有符号十进制数。BigDecimal 由任意精度的整数非标度值和32位的整数标度(scale)组成。

如果为零或正数，则标度是小数点后的位数。如果为负数，则将该数的非标度值乘以10的负scale次幂。

因此，BigDecimal表示的数值是(unscaledValue × 10-scale)。

1、ROUND_UP

/**
 * Rounding mode to round away from zero.  Always increments the
 * digit prior to a nonzero discarded fraction.  Note that this rounding
 * mode never decreases the magnitude of the calculated value.
 */
public final static int ROUND_UP =           0

舍入远离零的舍入模式。

在丢弃非零部分之前始终增加数字(始终对非零舍弃部分前面的数字加1)。

注意，此舍入模式始终不会减少计算值的大小。

以上为译文；个人通俗理解：就是进1法，即不管后面数字是多大，都进1

2、ROUND_DOWN

接近零的舍入模式。

在丢弃某部分之前始终不增加数字(从不对舍弃部分前面的数字加1，即截短)。

注意，此舍入模式始终不会增加计算值的大小。

/**
 * Rounding mode to round towards zero.  Never increments the digit
 * prior to a discarded fraction (i.e., truncates).  Note that this
 * rounding mode never increases the magnitude of the calculated value.
 */
public final static int ROUND_DOWN =         1;

以上为译文；个人通俗理解：就是去1法，即不管后面数字是多大，都直接舍去

3、ROUND_CEILING

接近正无穷大的舍入模式。

如果 BigDecimal 为正，则舍入行为与 ROUND_UP 相同;

如果为负，则舍入行为与 ROUND_DOWN 相同。

注意，此舍入模式始终不会减少计算值。

/**
 * Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity.  If the
 * {@code BigDecimal} is positive, behaves as for
 * {@code ROUND_UP}; if negative, behaves as for
 * {@code ROUND_DOWN}.  Note that this rounding mode never
 * decreases the calculated value.
 */
public final static int ROUND_CEILING =      2;

以上为译文；意思很容易理解，up正，down负

4、ROUND_FLOOR

接近负无穷大的舍入模式。

如果 BigDecimal 为正，则舍入行为与 ROUND_DOWN 相同;

如果为负，则舍入行为与 ROUND_UP 相同。

注意，此舍入模式始终不会增加计算值。

/**
 * Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity.  If the
 * {@code BigDecimal} is positive, behave as for
 * {@code ROUND_DOWN}; if negative, behave as for
 * {@code ROUND_UP}.  Note that this rounding mode never
 * increases the calculated value.
 */
public final static int ROUND_FLOOR =        3;

以上为译文；意思很容易理解，up负，down正

5、ROUND_HALF_UP

向“最接近的”数字舍入，如果与两个相邻数字的距离相等，则为向上舍入的舍入模式。

如果舍弃部分 >= 0.5，则舍入行为与 ROUND_UP 相同;否则舍入行为与 ROUND_DOWN 相同。

/**
 * Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
 * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.
 * Behaves as for {@code ROUND_UP} if the discarded fraction is
 * ≥ 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for {@code ROUND_DOWN}.  Note
 * that this is the rounding mode that most of us were taught in
 * grade school.
 */
public final static int ROUND_HALF_UP =      4;

以上为译文；通俗理解 ：逢5进1  就是四舍五入

6、ROUND_HALF_DOWN

向“最接近的”数字舍入，如果与两个相邻数字的距离相等，则为上舍入的舍入模式。

如果舍弃部分 > 0.5，则舍入行为与 ROUND_UP 相同;否则舍入行为与 ROUND_DOWN 相同。

/**
 * Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
 * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round
 * down.  Behaves as for {@code ROUND_UP} if the discarded
 * fraction is {@literal >} 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
 * {@code ROUND_DOWN}.
 */
public final static int ROUND_HALF_DOWN =    5;

以上为译文；通俗理解 ：5舍6入

7、ROUND_HALF_EVEN

向“最接近的”数字舍入，如果与两个相邻数字的距离相等，则向相邻的偶数舍入。

如果舍弃部分左边的数字为奇数，则舍入行为与 ROUND_HALF_UP 相同;

如果为偶数，则舍入行为与 ROUND_HALF_DOWN 相同。

注意，在重复进行一系列计算时，此舍入模式可以将累加错误减到最小。

此舍入模式也称为“银行家舍入法”，主要在美国使用。

/**
 * Rounding mode to round towards the {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
 * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round
 * towards the even neighbor.  Behaves as for
 * {@code ROUND_HALF_UP} if the digit to the left of the
 * discarded fraction is odd; behaves as for
 * {@code ROUND_HALF_DOWN} if it's even.  Note that this is the
 * rounding mode that minimizes cumulative error when applied
 * repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.
 */
public final static int ROUND_HALF_EVEN =    6;

以上为译文；通俗理解：

四舍六入，五分两种情况。

如果前一位为奇数，则入位，否则舍去。

8、ROUND_UNNECESSARY

断言请求的操作具有精确的结果，因此不需要舍入。

如果对获得精确结果的操作指定此舍入模式，则抛出ArithmeticException。

/**
 * Rounding mode to assert that the requested operation has an exact
 * result, hence no rounding is necessary.  If this rounding mode is
 * specified on an operation that yields an inexact result, an
 * {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
 */
public final static int ROUND_UNNECESSARY =  7;