【英语：语法基础】B4.核心语法-介词连词感叹词

1.介词 preposItion prep. /ˌprepəˈzɪʃn/

介词是表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。
介词的本质是用于表示对象之间的关系,大多数介词的本义是描述空间关系的,在这个基础上引审出时间关系,抽象关系等等。
介词一定要有宾语,充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或句子。

1.1.介词的主要用途

1）表示方位

举例

• at school
• in my hometown.
• on the wall
• above the mirror
• across the street

2）表示时间

举例

• at 4:30/the age of sixteen.
• on Monday/Christmas Day
• in Spring/2020
• during his childhood.
• for two years

3）表示计量

举例

• l sold my house at a high price.
• He sold his car for 20,000 dollars.
• They paid him by the month.

4）表示原因或理由

举例

• l am sorry for what
• l said to you.
• He was surprised at the news.
• The old man died of hunger.

5）表示工具或手段

举例

• He goes to school by bus.
• He broke the window with a stone.
• They talked on the telephone.

6）表示关于

举例

• Can you tell me something about yourself?
• lt’ s a book on the history of China.
• He spoke of the house the other day.

7）表示好像或作为

举例

• He talked to me as a father.
• lt was a small animal like a rat.

8）表示材料

举例

• This box is made of paper.
• Wine is made from grapes.

1.2.巧用介词

• 可以简化句子结构,用简单句表达更多的意思。
• 介词都有核心的意义和一些引申用法,但万变不离其宗。
• 介词 + 动词的搭配不要死记硬背,要去分析它背后的意义。
• 多积累常见动词的不同用法。

1）in 在…内

举例

1. 孩子们在公园里玩。
   The kids are playing in the park.(在…里)

2. 穿红衣服的小女孩是我妹妹。
   The girl in red is my sister.(穿/戴着……)

3. 我两分钟之内就能完成作业。
   l can finish my homework in two minutes.(在一段时间之内/之后)

4. 你能用英文给我写了封信。
   She wrote a letter to me in English.(以…….语言/声音)

5. 保持你的房间整齐。
   Keep your room in order.(按…次序)

2）at 在一个点的区域

举例

1. 我们等下要在银行碰面。
   we’re going to meet at the bank. (at+建筑物表示地点)

2. 那个男的总是冲他老婆大喊大叫的。
   The man always