【英语：基础进阶_听口实战运用】D6.短篇文章训练

1.目标

1. 听力短篇文章的类型
2. 短篇文章类听力的关键点分析

2.听力短篇文章的类型

• 除了对话类的文体，听力材料中还会出现独白形式的短篇文章，这是包括中考、高考、四六级、雅思托福等标准英语听力测试中都会出现的内容，也是难度较大的一道题。
• 短篇文章类听力测试题所涉及的短文材料的题材包含:故事、人物传记、景点介绍、观点陈述、演讲、新闻、广告宣传等。

2.1.例文一: 宣传广告类

Welcome to Happy Go, your fantastic shopping heaven.
Are you annoyed by the quality of your sleep?
Do you count from one to one thousand, but still found yourself awake?
Don’t worry, try Dreamer. ltcan help you fall asleep fast and won’t affect your memory.
Just takeone piece half an hour before going to bed, you’ll get a good sleep atnight and a sharp mind during the day.
Also, you can ask your doctorif Dreamer is right for you.
For more information, please call 8008668877 or visit happygo.com. If you call us within 24 hours, youcan get Dreamer free for 7 nights. Don’t wait, because your dreammisses you.
Your Dream, Our Dreamer!

2.2.例文二: 人物传记类

Juana Lopez has invented a number of things over the years.
One day, she had an idea for a dish washing machine that worked without using water.
She went to see several dish washer manufacturers about producing the machine, but none of them were interested.
Juana found investors to support her idea andfounded her own production company.
She spent millions of dollars on developing her dishwasher and it was put to the market three years later.
From then on, sales were very good, better even than Juana had hoped.But Global Domestic, one of the companies that she had been to see, made its own waterless dishwasher.
Juana obtained one and found that used the technical ideas she had developed.She had obtained legal protection for these ideas, so that other companies could not use them.
After a long legal process,Global Domestic was forced to stop making its competing dishwasher and to pay Juanaseveral million dollars. Now Juana’s waterless dishwasher has 40% of the worldwide dishwasher market and this is increasing every year.

2.3.例文三:景点介绍类

Attention, please.
In a moment, you’ll be starting your tour, but there are just a fewthings l’d like to run through.
The Globerger lsland’s National Park has come up withsome rules which I’m going to read to you now.
The most important rule is that noplants or animals or any other natural objects are to be removed from the park.
Doingthis could harm the balance of the park and it’s also illegal.
Also be careful not to transport anv live material such as seeds and insects to the islands or from one island toanother.
These two is against the law.
All the islands have their own uniaue plants andanimals.
And any introduced species could destroy the whole system.Please don’t takeany food with you.
If you drop as much as an orange seed, it could grow into a tree anddamage the existing system.Humans are only temporary visitors to these islands.
And we want to make sure the only thing we leave behind is our footprints.
Now moving tothe wild life in the park, please don’t touch the animals under any circumstances;
because some animals are remarkably fear us but they will quickly lose this fearlessnessif they are approached by humans.
Don’t feed the animals; don’t leave litter on the islands or throw any off your boat.
Carry along a bag of some sort if you need to putlitter in.

3.短文应该如何听?

3.1.短篇文章类听力的关键点分析

3.1.1.快速预览选项，预测主题，区分文体

• 听的过程时间有限，在听对话之前应该抓紧时间空隙，整体阅读每段所设问题及选项内容，对短文内容和文体有个大致的了解和判断。
• 提前了解到每段听力材料中可能会出现的单词，以便我们在听录音时能有目的地进行判断,抓住重点信息，而略过次要信息。
• 通过纵向、横向比较能发现一些解题的重要信息，如否定词、转折词、重复出现的单词和短语，这些都能够帮助推断短文内容及问题类型。
• 听力试题的各个选项常有相同或近似的部分。我们可以忽略这些部分，而把注意力集中在那些有较大差异的部分，通过比较和鉴别，迅速做出正确判断。

如
A.ln summer.
B.ln spring.
C.ln winter.
D.In autumn.
那么就可以判断出这是一个考查季节关键词的问题,从而把握方向。

• 对于较长选项，应采取跳读的方式，作两步处理:
  • 第一步，整体看，以发现共同点。
  • 第二步︰竖着读，着重看区别。
  • 抓住重要信息提示，再去听录音材料。

如
A. He went to see his doctor in his spare time yesterday.
B. He visited his friends when he was free yesterday.
C. He called on an old farmer after work yesterday.

从选项中我们看到，三个选项的主语相同、谓语部分(see, visit, call on)也基本相同，而宾语有很大的区别。我们先抓住doctor，friends,，farmer三个词，然后根据所听录音做出判断。通过抢先看题，从选项所透露的信息中了解录音原文所涉及的话题、大致内容以及可能提出的问题，做到听时有针对性。

1）实例分析

快速预览选项，预测听力短文主题。

A.Economic questions.
B.Routine questions.
C.Academic questions.
D.Challenging questions.

A. Work experience.
B. Educational qualifications.
C. Problem-solving abilities.
D. Information-gathering abilities.

A. Features of different types of interview.
B. Skills in asking interview questions.
C. Changes in three interview models.
D. Suggestions for different job interviews.

通过questions, experience, qualifications, abilities以及最后一问当中的 job interviews 等词可以初步判断出此文应该是面试相关的。
听力时候就有了方向感，能更好的集中注意力。

Job interviews can generally be divided into three types.The first is what l would call the traditionalinterview.This is usually just a series of standard questions about qualifications, work experience andexpectations. So what you have here is basically a list of quite direct questions like ‘What duties didyou have in your previous job?’ This is still the model for a lot of interviews today. In my view it’s notthe best to select staff.
Then there is the case interview.Here the interviewer presents a problem and a series of questions tofind out how the candidate would approach the problem. It might go something like this, 'A companywants to hire more graduates without spending more than its current budget. What would you advisethem to do? This can be particularly challenging, for you need to analyze the problem and solve it.
The third type is known as the behavioral interview.The questions are usually designed to find outabout how the candidates handle tricky situations in the past.A typical question might be ‘Can you giveme an example of a situation where you had to follow orders that you didn’t agree with ?’ This opensup a lot of information and the interviewer gets to see more of the candidate.

3.1.2.边听边记，强化记忆

• 听短文时，要注意捕捉每篇文章或每一段开头的一句话，因为它们往往是该篇或该段落的主题句，也是全篇文章的理解线索，如作者观点、内容概要、故事发生的时间、地点及起因等。

• 密切关注短文中事件发生的时间、地点、人物和情节这些要素，因为短文后的问题通常会以what,when, where, which, who, why, whose, how等疑问词开头。

• 听文章的开头部分，判断后续的内容。

• 通过my personal opinions可以判断出这是一个观点陈述类的短文，而后面的on city life andlife in small towns则告诉我们文章的整体脉络是一个对比的形式，要注意听说话者对于二者的不同描述，记录的时候一定不要混淆。

• 根据快速预览搜索到的题目要求，把握主要情节或论点，在不影响听的前提下做笔记，把文中关键信息记录下来，如全文或段落主题句的关键词，人名、地名、日期、数字等关键词等。

• 记录符号要形成习惯，还应尽可能简明，只要自己懂就行，不影响跟听速度。此外对于关键词的词义要学会推测。对于人名、地名等一些不影响文章理解的词，不必多想。对于未听懂而又必须理解的关键词，要在听过全文之后，再根据上下文猜测词义。切忌在听短文的过程中在某个词上纠缠，结果一步跟不上，步步都踏空。

1）实例分析

How long has the speaker lived in a big city?
A. One year.
B. Ten years.
C. Eighteen years.

What is the speaker’s opinion on public transport?
A. lt’s comfortable.
B. It’s time-saving.
C. It’s cheap.

What is good about living in a small town?
A. lIt’s safer.
B. lt’s healthier.
C. It’s more convenient.

What kind of life does the speaker seem to like most?
A. Busy.
B. Colourful.
C. Quiet.

通过选项中大量的形容词可以得知文章内容一定是和观点态度相关的内容，要注意着重听取说话者的语气。
另外，通过题目中的关键提示词big city和small town可以判断出对话中应该存在着一定的对比分析，也要加强记录。

Well, I’d love to share with you my personal opinions on city life and life in small towns.I grew up in asmall town until l was 18 and then moved to a big city, sol have experienced the good and bad sides ofboth.I never thought that l would like living in a big city, but l was wrong.After ten years of living in one,l can’t imagine ever living in a small town again. Surely small towns and big cities both have some
problems in terms of transport. In a small town, you have to own a car to make life comfortable. Youcan’t get around without one because there isn’t any kind of public transport. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of taking public transport, which is cheaper than driving.So, if you don’t have a car, you’d better live in the city.I also love the exciting lifein big cities. I can always enjoy a lot of films, concerts, and other wonderful shows. However, these things are not common in small towns. The final thing l like about large cities is that you can meet different kinds of people. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in a smaller town. l think that living in an area where everyone was just like me would quickly become dull. Of course, safety should be considered, and that’s one area where small towns are better than big cities. Stil,I wouidrather be a bit more careful and live in a large city than to feel safe but dull.

4.运用适当解题技巧推断最佳答案

• 根据文章体裁寻找具体信息。不同文体的文章其内容的侧重点以及考题的偏重点也各不相同，所以考生在预测时估计一下文章的属性，根据所设问题有针对性地去听内容。
• 如人物传记类侧重人物的出生年月、地点、家庭背景、个人经历、突出贡献及轶闻趣事等。说明文是用于说明事物的，它主要介绍事物的性质、特点、成因、形态和功能。所以在听这类文章时，我们要注意"是什么"、“怎么样”、"为什么"等具体信息。
• 短文后所给的试题一般是紧扣考生所听到的内容先后顺序编排的，因此可以根据所听有关内容的先后顺序来逐―考虑各题，以免理不清头绪，解答问题时张冠李戴。
• 如果在听音结束后仍然有些地方没有听清，或没能记下有关的信息，在答题过程中切忌胡乱猜测，要依据自己已听到的部分内容和已掌握的知识和常识，通过分析、推理、判断，寻找最接近自己理解和有效记忆的答案。

5.培养良好心理状态

• 在听力测试过程中，听力测试各小题之间的停顿时间很短。切记不可因某个小题未听懂而患得患失，因一题失多题。
• 遇到未听懂或未完全听懂的题，应迅速猜出下一个答案，然后果断地放弃此题，争取时间抢看下一题。
• 有时考生听懂了，但因阅读选项速度太慢，或者一时难以确定正确答案，犹豫之间，下一题又开始了。在这种情况下也应果断地放弃，而不能心中总是想着该题。如果注意力停留在过去的内容上，不切实际地想不丢任何一分，反而会背上包袱，顾此失彼，很容易打乱后面答题节奏。

6.综合演练

What is the problem of some of the university students?
A. They don’t spend all their time on studies.
B. They don’t know what to do with their free time.
C. They don’t have choices for outside class activities.

How is the students’ high school life?
A. Controlled and busy.
B. Regular and colorful.
C. Active and independent.

According to the speaker, what is the role of outside class activities at university?
A. To make students healthier.
B. To improve students’ test scores.
C. To enrich students’ experience.

What does the speaker advise his students to do?
A. Learn to enjoy themselves.
B. Learn to be their own masters.
C. Learn to develop their potential.

In my spoken English class, l asked the students about their impressions of university life.To my surprise, many of them expressed disappointment.After their highly–controlled high school lives, they are having difficulty adjusting to the free time in the university.When l asked them to describe their high school lives, many of them told me they got upat 6 in the morning and studied until 10 at night.Most of this time was spent at school,doing piles of homework to help them prepare for the university entrance exams.Oncethey entered the university, in my opinion, the students are not expected to devote all their waking hours to studying. They should also take an active part in social activities.Therefore, they should learn to divide their time outside class between sports and clubs.What’s more, they should spend some time watching TV and chatting with their roommates. These activities are useful in helping them prepare for their future.But what struck me most was that many of them did seem particularly happy about theirnew-found freedom.As they had so many choices, they felt that no matter what theywere doing, they should be doing something else. That’s why they were not happy. To those students, my advice was: get used to it and learn to make decisions for yourselves.