【英语：基础进阶_专项词汇拓展】H8.科技词汇专项提升

1.GENERAL TECHNOLOGY TERMS

CONNECT 连接

• connect /kəˈnekt/

v.
describe the action of establishing (making) communication with the Internet or with another device (computer equipment) such as amonitor, modem,etc.
连接

Can you please show me how to connect my laptop to the central printer?

• connection /kəˈnekʃn/

n.
the communication between two or more computer devices, or a link to the Internet.
连接

I’m having problems with my Internet connection.

INSTALL 安装;设置

• install /ɪnˈstɔːl/

to set up or make a computer or application (software program) ready for use.
安装;设置

On my first day of work,my supervisor sent the technical support team to install a new computer for me.

• Uninstall 卸载

• installation /ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃn/

the act of installing a computer or application
安装, 装置

Installation of the new system will take several days.

NETWORK 网络

• network /ˈnetwɜːrk/

a system of connected computers and other devices such as printers that exchange data with each other.
网络

Before we open for business, I need to get my office computer network set up and tested.

OPERATING SYSTEM 操作系统

• operating system /ˈɑːpəreɪtɪŋ sɪstəm/

a set of programs that control the way a computer system works, especially how its memory is used and how different programs work together
操作系统

a computer/PC operating system

A leading economist denied that the firm has a monopoly in the PC operating system market.

SOFTWARE 软件

• software /ˈsɔːftwer/

the instructions that control what a computer does; computer programs
软件

to install/run a piece of software 安装/运行一个软件

A leading economist denied that the firm has a monopoly in the PC operating system market.

HARDWARE 硬件

• hardware /ˈhɑːrdwer/

the machinery and electronic parts of a computer system
硬件

The machine allows multitasking without the need to buy extra hardware.

The thieves stole thousands of dollars worth of computer hardware.

MONITOR 监视器;(计算机)显示器

• monitor /ˈmɑːnɪtər/

n.
the video screen used to display information on your computer.
监视器;(计算机)显示器

l work on the computer most of the day. I find that using a bigger monitor reduces (lessens) the strain on my eyes.

v.
describe the action of keeping watch over a technical fault or process running on a computer.
监控

The technical support team will monitor my computer over a period of time to see what’s causing this problem.

BOOT UP 启动

• boot up

to turn on a computer and have it ready for use.

You could also say “start up” or “power up”.
启动

There seems to be a problem with my laptop. It wouldn’ t boot up this morning.

There seems to be a problem with my laptop. I couldn’ t boot it up this morning.

• reboot

start your computer again

v.
If you’re still getting errors on your computer, you might want to reboot it.

ACCESS 访问, 存取;使用权

• access /ˈækses/

v.
to access, when used in IT, means entering and using a computer, website or application
访问, 存取

This is a shared computer only for the use of our department.
You can get the password from me if you need to access it.

n.
the act of accessing the computer. It’ s commonly used with the verb “grant” to mean give permission to use.
使用权

l’ m afraid we can’t grant anyone access to our department’s computers.

LOG IN & LOG OUT 登录和注销

• log in & log out

Some websites and applications need you to log in before you canenter and use them. To log in refers to the process where you enter certain information before you’re allowed to access a website or application.

I’ve forgotten my password so I can’ t log in to Gmail anymore.

The opposite of log in is log out which is what you should do to exit a site or application.

Don’t forget to log out before you leave especially if you 're using a shared computer.

Sometimes the terms sign in and sign out are also used.

DOWNLOAD 下载

• download /ˌdaʊnˈloʊd , ˈdaʊnloʊd/

To download is a verb you’ll often hear in IT to talk about transferring data or information from a main computer source to another device.
下载

l need to download the photos of my business trip to my computer for today’ s presentation.

• upload /ˌʌpˈloʊd , ˈʌploʊd/
  上传

All you need to do is upload the files on to your web space.

UPGRADE 使(机器、计算机系统等)升级;提高;改进

• upgrade /ˌʌpˈɡreɪd , ˈʌpɡreɪd/

It’s not unusual to hear this word in a fast-changing field like IT. The verb to upgrade means to bring your computer (or other device) up to date with the latest hardware or software.
使(机器、计算机系统等)升级;提高;改进

Our management is confident that our business will improve if we upgrade to the latest computer equi pment.

ANALYZE 分析

• analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/

The verb to analyze is used quite often in IT when there’s a need to study data, information or even a technical problem closely. For instance, you might analyze product trends or a problem with your communications network.
分析

This is not a problem with a simple solution. We need time to analyze why your laptop won’t boot up.

• analysis /əˈnæləsɪs/

The noun form analysis refers to the act of, and the result of analyzing the data or problem.

According to the technical support team’s analysis, you’ re better off buying a new laptop than trying to repair this one.

BROWSE 浏览(信息)

• browse /braʊz/

The verb to browse is used in IT to look over information casually without being too detailed.
浏览(信息)

Before you come to the meeting, please browse online to get some ideas of the current trends in office furniture.

• browser /ˈbraʊzər/

The noun browser, as you may already know, refers to the program on your computer that allows you to open and use websites on the Internet.
浏览程序, 浏览器(用于在互联网上查阅信息)

If your browser doesn’t work, try closing and reopening it.

FILE (计算机的)文件

• file /faɪl/

The noun file in IT refers to a collection of data or information organized under a specific name and stored in a computer’s folder.
(计算机的)文件

to access/copy/create/delete/download/save a file
打开/复制/新建/删除/下载/保存文件

Please save each year’s sales data in a different file for easy reference.
What’s the filename you used to save last year’ s sales data?

BACK UP 备份

• back up

The phrasal verb back up is often used in IT to mean making acopy of data and files to protect them against accidental loss.
备份

It’s always a good idea to back up your computer regularly.

My laptop has been switching itself on and off. I think I’ d better back it up after work tonight.

• backup

Backup, when spelled as one word, is a noun referring to the copy of files and data that you’ve made to keep.

The system administrator does a full backup of the system every weekend.

PERFORM 运行;执行

• perform /pərˈfɔːrm/

In IT, we’re often concerned about how the computer system performs. The verb to perform refers to how fast a computer can process information.
运行;执行

Are you sure that my computer will perform better if I upgrade my RAM (computer memory)?

• performance /pərˈfɔːrməns/

The noun performance is used to talk about the speed and capacity(workload) of the computer.
性能

Upgrade your RAM (computer memory) and you won’ t find any reason to complain about your computer’s performance.

HIGH TECHNOLOGY 高科技

• high technology /ˌhaɪ tekˈnɑːlədʒi/

highly advanced technological development
高科技

Obviously, in high technology businesses, software and sophisticated designs are at the core of the business.

MOBILE DEVICE 移动设备, 移动装置

• mobile device /ˌmoʊbl dɪˈvaɪs/

any piece of electronic equipment such as a cell phone or small computer that you can use in different places
移动设备, 移动装置

Looking for a new game to play on your mobile device?

Some mobile devices — like tablets, e-readers,and smartphones — are powerful enough to do many of the same things you can do with a desktop or laptop computer.

TABLET 平板电脑

• tablet /ˈtæblət/

a small, flat computer that is controlled by touching the screen or by using a special pen
平板电脑

This tablet PC converts into a smoothly working notebook with a keyboard addition.

APPLICATION 应用程序;应用软件

• application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/

a system of connected computers and other devices such as printers that exchange data with each other.
应用程序;应用软件

a database application 数据库应用软件

Email is the most often-used application.

INNOVATION 创新, 创造

• innovation / ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/

the introduction of new things,ideas or ways of doing sth
创新, 创造

an age of technological innovation
技术革新的时代
We must promote originality, inspire creativity and encourage innovation.

2.TRENDY TECH TERMS YOU NEED TO KNOW

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 人工智能

• Artificial Intelligence /ˌɑːrtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/

the study of how to produce machines that have some of the qualities that the human mind has,such as the ability to understand language, recognize pictures, solve problems, andlearn
人工智能

To understand “natural language,” computers must be equipped with artificial intelligence.

Every coin has two sides, and artificial intelligence is no exception.

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE 自动驾驶

• autonomous vehicle /ɔːˈtɑːnəməs ˈviːəkl/

A vehicle,such as a car or truck,that uses technology and sensors to drive without the need for human assistance.
自动驾驶

As an autonomous vehicle, it is capable of sensing its environment and navigating without human input.

Uber, Tesla and Google are just some of the big businesses working on self-driving technologies.

BIOMETRICS 生物识别

• biometrics /ˌbaɪəˈmɛtrəks/

the use of detailed information about someone’s body, for example the patterns of colour in their eyes,in order to prove who they are
生物识别

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security describes biometrics as being “unique physical characteristics” that can be utilized for “automated recognition.” Think fingerprints, iris(虹膜) scans and voice recognition.

MACHINE LEARNING 机器学习

• machine learning

the process of computers changing the way they carry out tasks by learning from new data,without a human being needing to give instructions in the form of a program.
机器学习

His research helped shape the field of machine learning, bringing computers closer to the realm of human thought.

A robot has taught itself to smile, frown, and make other humanfacial expressions using machine learning.

BLOCKCHAIN 区块链

• blockchain /blɒkt’ʃeɪn/

a system used to make a digital record of all the occasions a cryptocurrency (= a digitalcurrency such as bitcoin) is bought or sold,and that is constantly growing as more blocks are added
区块链

The first prominent use of blockchain wasbitcoin.

Blockchain technology has the potential totransform business operating model s.

CLOUD COMPUTING 云计算

• cloud computing

the use of services, computer programs, etc. that are on the internet rather than ones thatyou buy and put on your computer
云计算

Cloud computing is described by Microsoft Azure as “the delivery of computing
services” like software, servers, storageand databases, over the internet, or
“cloud.”

CONTACTLESS PAYMENT 无接触支付

• contactless /ˈkɑːntæktləs/

A cashless method of paying for goods and services. Mostly it’s used to describe bank cards, identity cards, etc. that can operate by being put close to the machine that uses them, and that do not have to be put into the machine
无接触支付

Contactless payment technology can be incorporated into a range of devices, from debit and credit cards to smartwatches and smartphones.

FINTECH 金融科技

• fintech /ˈfɪntenk/

An amalgamation of the words “financial” and “technology.”

It describes the use of technology to deliver financial services and products to consumers.
金融科技

Fintech is not a new industry, it’s just one that has evolved very quickly.

Mobile banking is a large part of the fintech industry. In the world of personal finance,consumers have increasingly demanded easy digital access to their bank accounts, especially on amobile device.

WEARABLES 可穿戴设备

• wearables /'weərəbls/

something that can be worn that contains computer technology or can connect to the internet

These devices are usually connected to the internet and can carry out a range of tasks, from paying for goods and services using contactless technology to monitoring and analyzing a user’ s heart rate.
可穿戴设备

Check out our reviews of the biggest names in wearables including smart watches and fitness trackers.

The applications of wearables are limited only by the imagination.

INTERNET OF THINGS 物联网

• Internet of things (IoT)

objects with computing devices in them that are able to connect to each other and exchange data using the internet
物联网(“万物相连的互联网”, 是互联网基础上的延伸和扩展的网络, 将各种信息传感设备与网络结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络, 实现在任何时间、任何地点, 人、机、物的互联互通)

Think of devices that are connected to the internet and able to “talk” to one another. One example would be a thermostat(恒温器) in your home that you control with your smartphone from youroffice.

Cloud applications will be used by billions of devices of all kinds,all connected to the internet of things.

The internet of things might, for example, involve smart trash cans that can signal when they need to be emptied.

VIRTUAL REALITY 虚拟现实

• Virtual Reality(VR) /ˌvɜːrtʃuəl riˈæləti/

a set of images and sounds, produced by a computer, that seem to represent a place or a situation that a person can take part in

Virtual reality is designed to immerse a person into a completely digital world.
虚拟现实

One day virtual reality will revolutionize the entertainment industry.

Using their expertise and virtual reality technology architects recreated the Theater of Pompey in Rome.

BIG DATA ANALYTICS 大数据分析

• big data analytics

Big data analytics examines large amounts of data to uncover hidden patterns, correlations and other insights.
大数据分析

Big data analytics helps organizations harness(利用) their data and use it to identify new opportunities. That,in turn, leads to smarter business moves, more efficient operations, higher profits and happier customers.

3.科技类翻译必备词汇

涵盖四六级和考研翻译类常见词汇和表达

• 网络世界 cyber world
• 网络文化 cyber culture
• 网络犯罪 cyber crime
• 网上购物 online shopping
• 高科技园 high-tech park
• 工业园区 industrial park
• 火炬计划 Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)
• 信息港 info port
• 信息革命 information revolution
• 电子货币 e-currency
• 人工智能 artificial intelligence (AI)
• 生物技术 bio-technology
• 网络出版 e-publishing
• 信息高速公路 information superhighway
• 新兴学科 emerging branches of science
• 纳米技术 Nanotechnology
• 个人数字助理 personal digital assistant (PDA)
• 技术密集产品 technology-intensive product
• 数码科技 digital technology
• 电子商务 e-business; e-commerce
• 电子管理 e-management
• 办公自动化 Office Automation(OA)
• 信息高地 information highland
• 信息检索 information retrieval
• 远程/电话会议 teleconference
• 国家重点工程 national key projects

4.翻译实战练习

过去几年里, 移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展, 随着移动互联网的出现, 手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势. 18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体. 由于现在用手机付款极容易, 许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款, 而不愿用现金或信用卡. 为了鼓励人们多消费, 许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折. 专家预测, 中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力.

参考译文:
The past few years has witnessed a vigorous development in China’s mobile payment market. The emergence of mobile Internet has made mobile shopping gradually become a trend. The largest group in the mobile payment market is composed of young peopleaged from 18 to 30. Nowadays, since it is extremely easy to pay by mobile phones,many consumers prefer this way rather than cash or credit card when shopping. In order to encourage more consumption, many stores offer discounts to consumers using mobile payment. According to experts, there still exists huge development potentialin the future of China’s mobile payment market.

中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展. 为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家, 中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金. 中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究, 这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学, 从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域. 它们还与各地的科技园合作, 使创新成果商业化. 与此同时, 无论在产品还是商业模式上, 中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋, 以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求.

参考译文:
China’s innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places,so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime,to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also striving to be the pioneers of innovation to adapt to the changing and growing needs of domestic and foreign consumer markets.