【英语：基础高阶_全场景覆盖表达】K1.什么才是好的口语？

1.什么才是好的口语?

通过客观分析全球最主流的两个标准化英语口语考试来为大家分析好的口语标准.

• 托福口语(Toefl iBT speaking)
• 雅思口语(IELTS speaking)

2.托福口语考试出题规则和评分标准

2.1.TOEFL What ls ln the Speaking Section?

The TOEFL iBT Speaking section is designed to measure your ability to speak English effectively in academic settings. It is composed of 4 tasks that resemble real-life situations you mightencounter both in and outside of a classroom.

Question 1 is called an “independent speaking task” because it requires you to draw entirely on your own ideas, opinions and experiences when you respond.

Questions 2-4 are called “integrated speaking tasks” because they require you to combine your English-language skills - listening and speaking, or listening, reading and speaking - just as you would inor out of a classroom.

You’ll get 15-30 seconds of preparation time before each response, and your response will be 45 or 60 seconds long.

To respond, you’ll speak into the microphone on your headset. Your responses are recorded and sent to ETS, where they will be scored by a combination of Al scoring and certified human raters to ensure fairness and quality.

2.2.Task 1: Independent Speaking Question

For this task, you’ll be given a topic to speak about with no additional reading or listening passages.

For example:
Some people think it is more fun to spend time with friends in restaurants or cafes. Others think it is more fun to spend time with friends at home. Which do you think is better? Explain why.

You’ll have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak your answer.

2.2.1.独立口语评分标准

In the speaking section, all responses are scored on a scale from zero to four,and they’re scored holistically, which means the raters listen for various features in your response and then give it an overall score. These scores are then averaged together to give you a raw score for the task, also on a scale of 0-4(note that decimals are possible here due to averaging). Finally, your raw scores for each of the four tasks are averaged together and converted to a final scaled Speaking score on a scale of 0-30.

Although there are some variations depending on the questions, raters will be looking for three main things.

First, delivery: Your speech needs to be clear and fluid with good pronunciation.The pace or speed of your speech should be natural, and you should have good sounding intonation patterns.

Second, language use: This is mainly how you use grammar and vocabulary to express your ideas.

And third, topic development: This is mainly how fully you answer the question, how clearly you express your ideas,and how you can connect one idea to the next in a way that is easy to follow.

• Weak (0-1)
• Limited (1.5-2)
• Fair (2.5-3)
• Good (3.5-4)

4分:
The response fulfills the demands of the task, with at most minor lapses in completeness. lt is highly intelligible and exhibits sustained, coherent discourse.

• 能圆满地回答问题, 结构完整, 表达连贯;
• 能准确使用语法和词汇, 可能有少量语言错误, 但不会影响整体内容;
• 表达清楚, 语言流畅, 易于理解, 可能存在少量语音、语调问题

3分:
The response addresses the task appropriately, but may fall short of being fully developed. It is generally intelligible and coherent, with some fluidity of expression though it exhibits some noticeable lapsesin the expression of ideas.

• 能够表达与话题有关的观点与信息, 但结构不够完整, 各个观点之间的衔接有时不清晰;
• 基本上能准确使用语法和词汇, 可能有语言错误, 但不会严重影响整体内容;
• 表达基本清楚, 语言基本流畅, 可能存在少量语音、语调、语速问题, 偶尔可能会给听者造成理解困难.

2分:
The response addresses the task, but development of the topic is limited. It contains in intelligible speech, although problems with delivery and/or overall coherence occur; meaning may be obscuredin places.

• 回答切题, 但结构不完整, 各个观点之间的衔接不清晰;
• 语法和词汇掌握有限,使用能力较低;
• 表达不够清楚, 存在语音、语调、语速问题, 可能会给听者造成较大的理解困难.

1分:
The response is very limited in content and/or coherence or is only minimally connected to the task, or speech is largely unintelligible.

• 观点不确切、有局限或含混不清, 导致内容偏离主题;
• 语法和词汇使用能力差, 严重影响观点的表达和语言连贯性;
• 语言不完整, 多次停顿, 频繁出现语音、语调问题, 严重影响语义表达, 给听者造成极大的理解困难.

2.2.2.独立口语答案样例

Some people think it is more fun to spend time with friends in restaurants or cafes. Others think it is more fun to spend time with friends at home. Which do you think is better? Explain why.

Sample response (the highest score of four out of four):
l actually only spend time with my friends in restaurants and cafés, almost never at home because my apartment is very small and there is just almost nothing to do.On the outside and café and restaurants, it’s much more - there are more people.The atmosphere is usually good. Maybe there’s some music playing. Usually we meet to discuss things and meet other people and meet people we do not know, possibly. There’s always a chance to get to know someone and it’s always exciting.For me, it’s much more exciting than just staying at home in the environment that l know and am familiar with. I think that’s boring.

Let’s look at this response in terms of our three main criteria - delivery, language use and topic development.

First, delivery: The flow of speech is good and he’s easy to understand,and he’s able to sustain his speech for the full 45 seconds without repeating himself.

My apartment is very small, and there is just almost nothing to do.

With language use, his language is simple and direct and he chooses his words accurately. He doesn’t need to use overly complex vocabulary.

There are more people. The atmosphere is usually good, and maybe there’s some music playing.

Topic development is also strong. He starts by stating his preference for cafes and also says why he doesn’t meet his friends at his home (because his apartment is too small and there is almost nothing to do there), and he gives several reasons why cafes are better for him. There’s a better atmosphere, often thereis music,and he can meet new people.

There is always a chance to get to know someone. lt is always exciting.

1) 独立口语真题举例

When giving feedbacks to students, some teachers would like to talk to their students in person, while other teachers would give written comments to students.’ Which do you prefer and why?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: people should always be completely honest with their close friends?

When giving feedback to students, some teachers would like to talk to their students in person while other teachers would give written comments to students. Which do you prefer and why?

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should discourage children from choosing some majors which might be very competitive to find a job in the future like, artistsor singers.

2) 独立口语题目练习方法

1. Find a way to practice with native speakers or others who know English well, or join an English club or start one of your own.
2. Collect pictures from magazines, newspapers or the Internet. Look at each picture and describe it in 45 seconds.Try describing the same picture more than once using different adjectives and adding details.
3. Think for 15 seconds about what you did yesterday. Then,talk about it for 45 seconds. Remember to use your connecting words, and use verbs in the past tense. You can do the same thing to talk about what you will do tomorrow using verbs in the future tense.
4. Practice making a recommendation. Find a topic that you’re interested in and explain why your idea is the best way to proceed.

2.3.Task 2: Integrated Speaking question about campus situations

For question two, where you have both reading and listening passages, you will be asked what the opinion is of a speaker in the listening passage, and you’ll need to explain how that person’s opinion relates tothe issues presented in the reading passage. You’re essentially
summarizing and combining information from two sources.

You will read a passage about a campus-related topic. Then, you will listen to a conversation about that topic. Then, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak your answer.

Here’s an example of this type of question.

Directions: State University plans to build a new auditorium.Read an article about the plan in the campus newspaper. You have 45 seconds to read the article. Begin reading now.

University to Build New Auditorium
The university has decided to demolish the old campus auditorium and replace it with a new one. The auditorium is one of the oldest original buildings on campus, and administrators say it is showing signs of its age: sagging floors, peeling paint, a draftyinterior, and outdated decor. The new auditorium, by contrast, will have a clean, modern appearance. Also,the old auditorium is too small to accommodate the number of current students. The new auditorium will be bigger, with a greater number of seats to accommodate a larger student body.

Now listen to two students discussing the article.
A: I wish they wouldn’t do this.
B: Really? But the place is so old…
A: Yeah, but l like that. l think it’s a nice, historic-looking building.
B: Hmm…well, l guess it’s kinda pretty…
A: lt’s an important part the the university’s history. It was one of the first things built on campus… We should preserve that…not get rid of it.
B: I don’t think it’s necessary.
A: But it was built when the university was so much smaller.
A: That 's true, but think about it. Have you ever seen the space completely full?
B: Well, uh, no.I guess not.
A: Me either.There are never any events when the entire student body is there. In fact, there are usually just a small number of students in the audience for a play or a concert.
B: That’s true.
A: So why make it bigger if it works as is?
B: I see what you mean.

The man expresses his opinion of the university’s plan. State his opinion, and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.

2.3.1.Task 2 答案样例

Sample answer (a score of three on a four-point scale):
The school has decided to build a new auditorium, and because it will have a clean modern appearance, and it will be bigger to accommodate a larger student body. However, the man does notagree with this announcement for the following two reasons. First, the new auditorium is not a nice historic building as before, because the old building is an important part in the university’s history, because it is among the first buildings built in the school. Second, the students actually haven’t even seen the space as full. There is usually a small number of students in the old auditorium. So actually there is no need for the school to make it bigger. Also, making such decision allows the school to spend a lot of money and it is not very good for the student, the 'school. So I think this is not a good proposal.

2.3.2.口语评价标准

Let’s look at this response in terms of our three main criteria - delivery, language use and topic development.

First, delivery: The speaker is generally easy to understand with good pronunciation and pacing. So, she gets a good score fordelivery.

But, language use is another story. We can’t give this response afour out of four mainly because of her imprecise use of language. One example is when she says this.
The new auditorium is not a nice historic building as before, because …

This is a little confusing, and could have been more precisely stated as: “The man thinks that a new auditorium would not be as nice as keeping the old historic building.”

Topic development is good in this response. She communicates theimportant information in a clear and coherent way.

However the man does not agree with this announcement for the following two reasons. First, the new auditorium is not…

Overall, this meets all the criteria for a score of three out of four.

2.3.3.综合口语task2练习方法

Find an online newspaper from an English-speaking university. This would be a good source of practice topics for question two Look for topics like admissions, housing, student activities, registering for classes, school improvement plans, sports and more.Then, choose an article to discuss with your speaking partner orstudy group.

Record yourself when you practice and listen to how you speak. When you listen to yourself, you’ll be able to hear some of your mistakes as well as your tone and pacing.

Find listening and reading material that are both about the same topic. The material can contain similar or different views.Then, prepare an outline of a one-minute response that includes your opinion, two points to support your opinion, and one detail orreason to support each point.

Practice improving your fluency. Take that one-minute presentation and deliver it a few times, and each time try to improve it a little bit, smooth out your phrasing, use different wording for the same ideas, avoid unnecessary pauses, use transition words, those kinds of things.

2.4.Task 3: Integrated Speaking questions about academic courses

In question three, you will read a passage about an academic subject. Then, you will listen to part of a lecture on that same subject. You’ll have 30 seconds to prepare your response,and 60 seconds to speak your answer.

The reading passage will always be about an important academic term or concept that might be found in a first-year college textbook. For example, a science reading might explain what a Keystone Species is. A reading from Psychology might describe what it meant by emotional intelligence.

The listening passage will be from part of a lecture about the same topic as the reading passage. In the lecture, you will hear details about an example of the term or concept.

In this example, the passage is about flow.

Flow
ln psychology, the feeling of complete and energized focus in an activity is called flow. People who enter a state of flow lose their sense of time and have a feeling of great satisfaction.They become completely involved in an activity for its own sake rather than for what may result from the activity, such as money or prestige. Contrary to expectation, flow usually happens not during relaxing moments of leisure and entertainment, but when we are actively involved in a difficult enterprise, in a task that stretches our mental or physical abilities.

Now listen to two students discussing the article.
l think this will help you get a picture of what your textbook is describing. l had a friend who taught in the physics department, Professor Jones, he retired last year… . . Anyway, I remember . . . this was a few years ago . . .I’re member passing by a classroom early one morning just as he was leaving, and he looked terrible: his clothes were all rumpled, and he looked like he hadn’t slept all night.And l asked if he was OK.I was surprised when he said that he never felt better, that he was totally happy. He had spent the entire night in the classroom working on a mathematics puzzle. He didn’t stop to eat dinner; he didn’t stop to sleep . . .or even rest. He was that involved in solving the puzzle. And it didn’t even have anything to do with his teaching or research; he had just come across this puzzle accidentally, l think in a mathematics journal,and it just really interested him, so he worked furiously all night and covered the blackboards in the classroom with equations and numbers and never realized that time was passing by.

When you answer the question,you will speak about how the example supports or illustrates the term or concept, like in this question about flow.

• Explain flow and how the example used by the professor illustrates the concept.
• Preparation Time: 30 seconds
• Response Time: 60 seconds

2.4.1.Task 3答案样例

Sample answer (a score of three on a four-point scale):
The passage is talking about the general information about the flow, and the professor illustrates an example of that. He said he met a friend of, a friend who teached, who taught physics, and three years ago, he accidentally met the, met his friend. He found that his friend was, his friend’s clothes were all rumbled, and heasked him he’s okay, and he said, the friend said he was so concentrated on the mathematic puzzle that he, he didn’t sleepor rest, and even, and also he didn’t actually eat, and actually he thinks that his friend came across to the mathematic puzzle,and he couldn’t realize that the time was passing by, and his friendactually was in the flow.

2.4.2.口语评价标准

Let’s look at this response in terms of our three main criteria- delivery, language use and topic development.

The speaker’s delivery is generally clear with good pronunciation.And while his pacing is often very good, sometimes his speech is a little choppy, and there are some hesitations that interrupt the flow of thespeech.

In terms of language use, his vocabulary and grammar are both solid, so no major issues there.

For topic development, although he does give an accurate summary of the professor’s example about his friend who spent the whole night working on a mathematics puzzle, he never really explains what flow is, and that’s the first part of the question: Explain flow.

So, he needed to do that, then explain how the example illustrated the concept.

Overall, this meets all the criteria for a score of three out of four.

2.5.Task 4: lntegrated Speaking questions about academic courses

In question four, you’ll listen to part of a lecture. Then, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak your answer, which will always be a summary of the lecture.

Usually, it starts with the professor either defining a concept or highlighting an issue.

Then, it will have examples that help explain or clarify the issue…The question will ask you to explain the main concept or issue using the points and examples that were given in the lecture. So, basically, it’s a very straightforward summary.

2.5.1.综合口语答题方法

The topics for these questions can be from a variety of fields - life science, social science, physical science, history, art, literature. And although it’s important that you practice with academic texts, the questions are designed so that you don’t need any prior knowledge in a specific field to answer the question. In other words, even though a question is about an academic topic, ultimately, it’s not testing your knowledge of that topic. It’s testing your English.

You’re allowed to take notes during the test. So, during the Listening passages, write down a few key words or ideas on your scratch paper.Then, use the preparation time to review your notes and prepare your response.

lf you finish your response before time runs out, don’t just repeat yourself to fill the remaining time. Say something that clarifies, develops or elaborates on your response. Practice timing yourself sothat you get used to the amount of time you have to answer a question.

2.5.2.综合口语题目练习方法

Develop your academic vocabulary. You should be reading academic texts for practice. So,keep a list of important new words that you find and practice pronouncing them.

Read a short news article. Then,record yourself summarizing it. Then, create a transcript of the recording by writing down exactly what you said. Then,review the transcript and think of other ways of saying the same thing.

Find textbooks in English that include study questions at the end of each chapter, and practice answering the questions out loud. Start with subjects you’re familiar with, and then move on to less-familiar subjects.

If you’re recording yourself, collect your recordings in an audio journal.

3.托福口语评分标准总结

Delivery
Your speech needs to be clear and fluid with good pronunciation. The pace orspeed of your speech should be natural, and you should have good soundingintonation patterns.

Language use
This is mainly how you use grammar and vocabulary to express your ideas.Topic

development
This is mainly how fully you answer the question, how clearly you express your ideas, and how you can connect one idea to the next in a way that is easy to follow.