Spring MVC入门之构建到运行，超详细（利用Maven构建）

1、概述

Spring MVC是由Spring提供的一个Web框架，由于其强大而灵活的功能，得到了广泛的应用，因此作为一名程序员的话是必须要掌握的，另外Maven目前也是流行的项目管理工具，因此，本文讲解如何用Maven构建项目，并且详细说明Spring MVC如何从构建到运行。废话不多说，下面开始。

2、项目构建

软件参数

Eclipse:Luna Service Release 2
Tomact:apache-tomcat-8.0.33
Jdk:1.7
Spring-framework:4.2.9.RELEASE

新建工程

左键点击file,选择New，然后选择Mave Project

点击Next

选择maven-archetype-webapp,点击Next

Group Id, Artifct Id,Package这些都是可以随便填的，填完后点击finish即可

下面先来一张项目新建完后的截图

项目配置

porm.xml配置

Maven项目建好后，如果想对其进行配置，则通过porm.xml文件进行。
首先指定Maven仓库。这里我用了阿里云的仓库

<!-- 阿里云maven仓库 -->
<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>public</id>
        <name>aliyun nexus</name>
        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
    <releases>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
    </releases>
    </repository>
</repositories>

引入项目依赖

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
          <groupId>junit</groupId>
          <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.1</version>
          <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${springframework-version}</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                <version>${commons-logging-version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <!-- JSP视图所需jar -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jstl</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>${jstl-version}</version>
            </dependency>
      </dependencies>

porm.xml文件配置好后，下面进行Spring MVC配置

在web.xml（WEB-INF下）文件中加入如下代码

<!-- 配置DispatchcerServlet -->
          <servlet>
            <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>
                org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
            </servlet-class>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>

在WEB-INF文件下新建dispatcher-servlet.xml，写入如下代码

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd        
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.2.xsd">

        <!-- 配置扫描路径-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.li.demo" />
        <!-- 基于注解 -->
        <mvc:annotation-driven />
        <context:annotation-config /> 

        <!-- JSP视图解析器  -->
        <bean id="viewResolverJsp" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
         <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>

    </bean>
</beans>

至此Spring MVC配置完毕，下面开始写代码

项目代码

两个jsp页面
userregister.jsp (注册页面)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="save" method="post">
    <label>姓名：</label><input name="name" type="text" id="name">
    <label>邮箱：</label><input name="email" type="text" id="email">
    <label>地址：</label><input name="address" type="text" id="address">
    <label>电话：</label><input name="phone" type="text" id="phone">
    <input type="submit" value="保存" id="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

success.jsp(注册成功后信息回显页面)

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
    <div>姓名：${user.name}</div>
    <div>地址：${user.address}</div>
    <div>电话：${user.phone}</div>
    <div>邮箱：${user.email}</div>
</body>
</html>

下面是java代码
新建User类

public class User {

    private String name;
    private String address;
    private String phone;
    private String email;
    //省略Set Get方法。。。    
}

UserRegisterControler.java

@Controller

public class UserRegisterControler {


    @RequestMapping("/save")
    public String save(@ModelAttribute("form") User user, Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("user", user);
        return "success";
    }
}

至此代码全部写完，下面先来一张项目完成后结构图

项目运行

将项目部署到Tomcat上后，在浏览器输入http://localhost:8080/mvc/userregister.jsp

点击保存后

可以看到，成功回显了注册信息，项目大功告成！