定语从句怎么转化为分词短语

通常这样的转化适用于谓语由有助动词和分词构成的从句，只要取消关系代词和助动词，保留主分词就行了，例如：

1. The boy that is kicking the ball is Tom. --- The boy kicking the ball is Tom. 

2. The desk that was cleaned by Tom was small. --- The desk cleaned by Tom was small. 

3. The desk that iis being cleaned by Tom iss small. --- The desk being cleaned by Tom was small.

若从句谓语没有助动词，也可以这样转化，方法是取消关系代词，而后将原从句中的谓语动词, 或谓语中第一个助动词变成 doing 的形式， 例如：
1. One who learns a foreign language must have a dictionary of that language. --- One learning a foreign language must have a dictionary of that language. 
2. Anyone who has learned anything about the whereabouts of the criminal must report it to the police. --- Anyone having learned anything about the whereabouts of the criminal must report it to the police.