SpringMVC 配置文件以及解读

web.xml我们需要做一下配置：

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>spring-web</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>namespace</param-name>
        <param-value>spring-web-mvc-config</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>spring-web</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

问题：为什么默认情况下spring会去读取WEB-INF/spring-web-servlet.xml文件读取spring-mvc配置信息？

如果我们没有指定servlet的namespace，那么spring将默认读取servlet-name + “-servlet”.xml文件，即spring-web-servlet.xml，如果指定namespace，比如spring-web-mvc-config(init-param中的namespace属性)，那么spring将回去读取spring-web-mvc-config.xml，而不是spring-web-mvc-config-servlet.xml

请看DispatcherServlet继承的类FrameworkServlet.java

public abstract class FrameworkServlet extends HttpServletBean {

    public static final String DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_SUFFIX = "-servlet";

    public String getNamespace() {
        return (this.namespace != null ? this.namespace : getServletName() + DEFAULT_NAMESPACE_SUFFIX);
    }

    protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac) {
        ...
        wac.setServletContext(getServletContext());
        wac.setServletConfig(getServletConfig());
        wac.setNamespace(getNamespace());
        wac.addApplicationListener(new 
        ...
    }
}

spring-web-mvc-config.xml（含注释）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd"
       default-lazy-init="true">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jake" />

    <!-- Configures the @Controller programming model -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <!-- 防止直接访问静态资源时被SpringMVC DispatchServlet拦截 -->
    <mvc:resources location="/html/" mapping="/html/**"/>

    <!-- JSP ViewResolver -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Forwards requests to the "/" resource to the "welcome" view -->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="welcome"/>
</beans>

spring-web-mvc-config.xml（不含注释）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd"
       default-lazy-init="true">

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.jake" />

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

    <mvc:resources location="/html/" mapping="/html/**"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="welcome"/>

</beans>

问题：是否可以不自定义配置ViewResolver

可以，但是ViewResolver是SpringMVC不可缺少的一部分。Spring先会找自定义的ViewResolver，找不到时SpringMVC就自动初始化一个ViewResolver（默认配置为InternalResourceViewResolver，不过prefix和suffix都是空值）。详细配置在DispatcherServlet.java同级下的DispatcherServlet.properties文件中

源码见：DispatcherServlet.java

private void initViewResolvers(ApplicationContext context) {
    this.viewResolvers = null;

    if (this.detectAllViewResolvers) {
        // Find all ViewResolvers in the ApplicationContext, including ancestor contexts.
        Map<String, ViewResolver> matchingBeans =
                BeanFactoryUtils.beansOfTypeIncludingAncestors(context, ViewResolver.class, true, false);
        if (!matchingBeans.isEmpty()) {
            this.viewResolvers = new ArrayList<ViewResolver>(matchingBeans.values());
            // We keep ViewResolvers in sorted order.
            OrderComparator.sort(this.viewResolvers);
        }
    }
    else {
        try {
            ViewResolver vr = context.getBean(VIEW_RESOLVER_BEAN_NAME, ViewResolver.class);
            this.viewResolvers = Collections.singletonList(vr);
        }
        catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
            // Ignore, we'll add a default ViewResolver later.
        }
    }

    // Ensure we have at least one ViewResolver, by registering
    // a default ViewResolver if no other resolvers are found.
    if (this.viewResolvers == null) {
        this.viewResolvers = getDefaultStrategies(context, ViewResolver.class);
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("No ViewResolvers found in servlet '" + getServletName() + "': using default");
        }
    }
}