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1:AsyncTask
1:什么是AsyncTask?
它本质上封装了线程池和handler,主要是 执行异步任务的,由于内部集成了handler,所以很方便的在子线程和UI线程中切换;
Params 启动任务执行的输入参数,比如HTTP请求的URL。
Progress 后台任务执行的百分比。
Result 后台执行任务最终返回的结果,比如String。
2:5个方法
onPreExecute:耗时任务未做之前,做了初始化操作,UI线程中调用,一般用于显示进度条用的
doInBackground:做的是耗时操作,结果返回在onPostExecute函数中,
同时可以在这个方法中进行进度的计算publishProgress(Integer values)
onProgressUpdate:一般在doInBackground中执行publishProgress方法后,进行进度条的变换
onPostExecute:后台计算结果完成之后调用
3:AsyncTask的机制原理
1:AsyncTask的本质是一个静态的线程池,Async派生出的子类可以实现不同的异步任务,这些任务都是提交到 静态的线程池中执行
2:线程池的工作线程执行doInBackground(mParams)方法执行异步任务
3:当任务状态改变之后,工作 线程会向UI线程发送消息,AsyncTask内部的internalHandler响应这些消息,并调用相关回调函数
4:AsyncTask的注意事项
1:内存泄露:非静态的内部类持有外部类的引用,导致外部类的资源想被回收时,由于非静态的内部类还持有外部类的引用,导致外部类内存无法被回收,导致内存泄露
解决方法:可以将AsyncTask设置成静态的,同时在AsyncTask内部,持有外部类的弱引用
同时也可以在Activity中的Destory方法中,执行AsyncTask cancel方法,回收AsyncTask的资源
2:生命周期:
4.1
3:结果丢失:
屏幕旋转,还持有之前Activity的引用
4:并行OR串行:
...建议保持串行,易于稳定
二:具体代码实现原理
一:构造
public AsyncTask() {
//初始化时构造了一个worker,它是一个WorkRunable对象,WorkRunable是一个抽象类,实现了Callable接口
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
//设置true表示已调用过
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
//设置优先级
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//因WorkerRunnable实现了Callable,call方法执行耗时操作,故doInBackground执行的是耗时操作,将返回的结果存入result中
return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
}
};
//通过查看代码,FutureTask 实现RunnableFuture ,RunnableFuture 又继承了Runnable,Future,
//在构造方法中,我们传入了mWorker对象,通过FutureTask我们可以很方便的取消后台任务以及获取执行结果
//FutureTask获取结果是个阻塞方法,直到有任务结果才返回;
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
final Result result = get();
postResultIfNotInvoked(result);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "
+ "doInBackground()", t);
}
}
};
}
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V>{
..
}
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
..
}
二: AsyncTask execute方法,实际调用的是executeOnExecutor(Executor,Params...params)方法
Executor是一个线程池
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
//sDefaultExecutor 是什么? sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
//执行方法前调用onPreExecute()方法
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
//串行的线程池
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
// public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor(); 我们传入的params对象是mFuture对象,
//故线程池提交耗时操作,会执行mFuture关联的WorkerRunnable的call方法,也就是执行耗时操作doInBackground(..),并返回结果
private Result postResult(Result result) {
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
//我们使用AsyncTask时,调用publishProgress时,实际上也是通过handler发送消息的,来进行进度条的更新
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}
1:AsyncTask
1:什么是AsyncTask?
它本质上封装了线程池和handler,主要是 执行异步任务的,由于内部集成了handler,所以很方便的在子线程和UI线程中切换;
2:AsyncTask使用方法
1:三个参数Params 启动任务执行的输入参数,比如HTTP请求的URL。
Progress 后台任务执行的百分比。
Result 后台执行任务最终返回的结果,比如String。
2:5个方法
onPreExecute:耗时任务未做之前,做了初始化操作,UI线程中调用,一般用于显示进度条用的
doInBackground:做的是耗时操作,结果返回在onPostExecute函数中,
同时可以在这个方法中进行进度的计算publishProgress(Integer values)
onProgressUpdate:一般在doInBackground中执行publishProgress方法后,进行进度条的变换
onPostExecute:后台计算结果完成之后调用
3:AsyncTask的机制原理
1:AsyncTask的本质是一个静态的线程池,Async派生出的子类可以实现不同的异步任务,这些任务都是提交到 静态的线程池中执行
2:线程池的工作线程执行doInBackground(mParams)方法执行异步任务
3:当任务状态改变之后,工作 线程会向UI线程发送消息,AsyncTask内部的internalHandler响应这些消息,并调用相关回调函数
4:AsyncTask的注意事项
1:内存泄露:非静态的内部类持有外部类的引用,导致外部类的资源想被回收时,由于非静态的内部类还持有外部类的引用,导致外部类内存无法被回收,导致内存泄露
解决方法:可以将AsyncTask设置成静态的,同时在AsyncTask内部,持有外部类的弱引用
同时也可以在Activity中的Destory方法中,执行AsyncTask cancel方法,回收AsyncTask的资源
2:生命周期:
4.1
3:结果丢失:
屏幕旋转,还持有之前Activity的引用
4:并行OR串行:
...建议保持串行,易于稳定
二:具体代码实现原理
一:构造
public AsyncTask() {
//初始化时构造了一个worker,它是一个WorkRunable对象,WorkRunable是一个抽象类,实现了Callable接口
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
//设置true表示已调用过
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
//设置优先级
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//因WorkerRunnable实现了Callable,call方法执行耗时操作,故doInBackground执行的是耗时操作,将返回的结果存入result中
return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
}
};
//通过查看代码,FutureTask 实现RunnableFuture ,RunnableFuture 又继承了Runnable,Future,
//在构造方法中,我们传入了mWorker对象,通过FutureTask我们可以很方便的取消后台任务以及获取执行结果
//FutureTask获取结果是个阻塞方法,直到有任务结果才返回;
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
final Result result = get();
postResultIfNotInvoked(result);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing "
+ "doInBackground()", t);
}
}
};
}
private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
Params[] mParams;
}
private Result postResult(Result result) {
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
public class FutureTask<V> implements RunnableFuture<V>{
..
}
public interface RunnableFuture<V> extends Runnable, Future<V> {
..
}
二: AsyncTask execute方法,实际调用的是executeOnExecutor(Executor,Params...params)方法
Executor是一个线程池
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}
//sDefaultExecutor 是什么? sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
//执行方法前调用onPreExecute()方法
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}
//串行的线程池
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
// public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor(); 我们传入的params对象是mFuture对象,
//故线程池提交耗时操作,会执行mFuture关联的WorkerRunnable的call方法,也就是执行耗时操作doInBackground(..),并返回结果
private Result postResult(Result result) {
Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}
//我们使用AsyncTask时,调用publishProgress时,实际上也是通过handler发送消息的,来进行进度条的更新
protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
}
}