STL学习笔记(三)，string

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

//string赋值构造测试
int main()
{
	string str("123456789");
	char ch[] = "abcdefg";
	
	//定义一个空字符串
	string str1;

	//构造函数，全部复制
	string str2(str);

	//从str的第二个元素开始取5个字符复制给str3
	string str3(str, 2, 5);//34567

	//将ch的前5个字符复制给str4
	string str4(ch, 5);//abcde

	//将5个A组成的字符串复制给str5
	string str5(5, 'A');//AAAAA

	//将str全部复制给str6
	string str6(str.begin(), str.end());//123456789
	
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

//string大小和容量测试
int main()
{
	int size = 0;
	int length = 0;
	unsigned long max_size = 0;
	int capacity = 0;

	string str("123456789");
	
	string str1;
	//"" size=0,capacity=15
	str1.reserve(5);//没有重新分配内存

	str1 = str;
	
	//size=9
	size = str1.size();
	
	//调用resize()后，str1="12345"
	//str1.resize(5);

	//length=9
	length = str1.length();
	
	//max_size=4294967294
	max_size = str1.max_size();
	
	//capacity=15
	capacity = str1.capacity();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

//string元素的存取
int main()
{
	const string cs("123456789");
	string s("abcde");
	char temp1=0;
	char temp2=0;
	char temp3=0;
	char temp4=0;
	char temp5=0;
	char temp6=0;

	//'c'
	temp1 = s[2];
	//'c'
	temp2 = s.at(2);

	//程序崩溃
	temp3 = s[s.length()];
	//抛出异常
	temp4 = s.at(s.length());

	//\0
	temp5 = cs[cs.length()];
	//抛出异常
	temp6 = cs.at(cs.length());

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

//string元素的修改
int main()
{
	string str("abcde");

	//非常量字符串的at()和[]操作返回的是字符的引用
	char &r1 = str[2];
	char &r2 = str.at(2);

	char *p = &str[3];

	r1 = 'X';
	*p = 'Y';

	//abXYe
	cout<<str<<endl;

	str = "123456";
	r1 = 'X';
	*p = 'Y';
	//12XY56
	cout<<str<<endl;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

/*
 *date: 2018-07-13 13:46：32
 *author: fxl
 *
*/

//1,string初始化
static void test01()
{
	string str("0123456789");
	char ch[] = "abcdefgh";
	
	//定义一个空字符串, a=""
	string a;

	//构造函数，全部复制, str1="0123456789"
	string str1(str);

	//从str的第2个字符开始复制5个字符给str2, str2="23456"
	string str2(str, 2, 5);

	//将ch的前5个元素复制给str3, str3="abcde"
	string str3(ch, 5);

	//将3个x复制给str4, str4="xxx"
	string str4(3, 'x');

	//把str的全部字符串复制给str5, str5="0123456789"
	string str5(str.begin(), str.end());
}

//2,string的大小和容量
static void test02()
{
	int size = 0;
	int length = 0;
	unsigned long maxsize = 0;
	int capacity = 0;

	string str = "0123456789";
	string str_custom;

	//当前编译器环境下不起作用
	str_custom.reserve(5);
	
	//str_custom="0123456789"
	str_custom = str;

	//size=10
	size = str_custom.size();

	//length=10
	length = str_custom.length();

	//重新给str_custom分配内存了, str_custom="01234"
	str_custom.resize(5);

	//size=5
	size = str_custom.size();

	//length=5
	length = str_custom.length();

	//maxsize=4294967294
	maxsize = str_custom.max_size();

	//capacity=15
	capacity = str_custom.capacity();
}

//3,string元素的访问和修改
static void test03()
{
	string str = "0123456789";

	//返回字符的引用
	char &ch1 = str[3];
	char &ch2 = str.at(4);

	//修改后str="012g456789"
	ch1 = 'g';

	//修改后str="012gw56789"
	ch2 = 'w';
	
	//越界访问后会引发程序崩溃
	char ch3 = str[10];
	
	//越界访问后会抛出异常
	char ch4 = str.at(10);
}

//4,string字符串的比较
static void test04()
{
	string str1 = "0123";
	string str2 = "abcd";
	string str3 = "Abcd";
	string str4 = "abcd";

	//按字符串的字典顺序来比较

	//nCompare=-1, 表示str1小于str2
	int nCompare = str1.compare(str2);

	//nCompare=1, 表示str2大于str3
	nCompare = str2.compare(str3);

	//nCompare=0, 表示str2等于str4
	nCompare = str2.compare(str4);
}

//5,string字符串的查找和替换
static void test05()
{
	string str = "0123455678999";
	
	//从左往右查找第一个"1"所在位置的索引, index=1
	int index = str.find("1");

	//从右往左查找第一个"5"所在位置的索引, index=6
	index = str.rfind("5");

	//从左往右查找第一个不是"0"所在位置的索引, index=1
	index = str.find_first_not_of("0");

	//从左往右查找第一个"3"所在位置的索引, index=1
	index = str.find_first_of("3");

	//从右往左查找最后一个不是"9"所在位置的索引, index=9
	index = str.find_last_not_of("9");

	//从左往右查找最后一个"5"所在位置的索引, index=6
	index = str.find_last_of("5");

	//将3位置开始的5个字符替换为aaa, str2 = "012aaa78999"
	string str2 = str.replace(3,5,"aaa");

	string str3 = "abcdef";
	//将3位置开始的2个字符替换为5个X, str4 = "abcXXXXXf"
	string str4 = str3.replace(3,2,5,'X');
}

int main() 
{
	test05();
	//test04();
	//test03();
	//test02();
	//test01();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}