C++基础学习(七)，多态

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Fish
{
public:
	void swim()
	{
		cout<<"Fish swim..."<<endl;
	}
};

class Tuna : public Fish
{
public:
	void swim()
	{
		cout<<"Tuna swim..."<<endl;
	}
};

void makeFishSwim(Fish &fish)
{
	fish.swim();
}

//多态测试
int main()
{
	Tuna tuna;
	//期望结果是调用Tuna的swim()方法
	//测试结果显示调用的是基类Fish的swim()方法
	makeFishSwim(tuna);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Fish
{
public:
	virtual void swim()
	{
		cout<<"Fish swim..."<<endl;
	}
};

class Tuna : public Fish
{
public:
	virtual void swim()
	{
		cout<<"Tuna swim..."<<endl;
	}
};

class Carp : public Fish
{
public:
	//virtual关键字可省略
	virtual void swim()
	{
		cout<<"Carp swim..."<<endl;
	}
};

void makeFishSwim(Fish &fish)
{
	fish.swim();
}

//虚函数测试
int main()
{
	Fish fish;
	Tuna tuna;
	Carp carp;

	//输出:Fish swim...
	makeFishSwim(fish);
	//输出:Tuna swim...
	makeFishSwim(tuna);
	//输出:Carp swim...
	makeFishSwim(carp);

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Fish
{
public:
	Fish()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Fish..."<<endl;
	}
	~Fish()
	{
		cout<<"Destroyed Fish"<<endl;
	}
};

class Tuna : public Fish
{
public:
	Tuna()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Tuna..."<<endl;
	}
	~Tuna()
	{
		cout<<"Destroyed Tuna"<<endl;
	}
};

void deleteFishMemory(Fish *pFish)
{
	delete pFish;
}

//虚析构函数测试
int main()
{
	//堆上分配空间
	Tuna *pTuna = new Tuna();
	//delele pTuna时没有调用派生类Tuna的析构函数
	deleteFishMemory(pTuna);

	//栈上分配空间,
	//delele tuna时调用了派生类Tuna的析构函数
	Tuna tuna;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Fish
{
public:
	Fish()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Fish..."<<endl;
	}
	virtual ~Fish()
	{
		cout<<"Destroyed Fish"<<endl;
	}
};

class Tuna : public Fish
{
public:
	Tuna()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Tuna..."<<endl;
	}
	~Tuna()
	{
		cout<<"Destroyed Tuna"<<endl;
	}
};

void deleteFishMemory(Fish *pFish)
{
	delete pFish;
}

//虚析构函数测试
int main()
{
	//堆上分配空间
	Tuna *pTuna = new Tuna();
	//将Fish的析构函数声明为虚函数后
	//delele pTuna时调用了Fish的析构函数也调用了派生类Tuna的析构函数
	deleteFishMemory(pTuna);

	//栈上分配空间,
	//delele tuna时调用了派生类Tuna的析构函数
	Tuna tuna;

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

//不含有虚函数的类
class C1
{
public:
	void func1(){}
};

//含有1个虚函数的类
class C2
{
public:
	void func1(){}
	virtual void func2(){}
};

//含有2个虚函数的类
class C3
{
public:
	void func1(){}
	virtual void func2(){}
	virtual void func3(){}
};

//含有虚函数的类的大小测试
int main()
{
	//1
	cout<<"sizeof(C1) : "<<sizeof(C1)<<endl;
	//4
	cout<<"sizeof(C2) : "<<sizeof(C2)<<endl;
	//4
	cout<<"sizeof(C3) : "<<sizeof(C3)<<endl;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Animal
{
public:
	Animal()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Animal..."<<endl;
	}

	int age;
};

class Mammal : public Animal
{

};

class Bird : public Animal
{

};

class Reptile : public Animal
{

};

class Platypus : public Mammal, public Bird, public Reptile
{
public:
	Platypus()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Platypus..."<<endl;
	}
};

//菱形继承存在的问题
int main()
{
	Platypus p;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Animal
{
public:
	Animal()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Animal..."<<endl;
	}

	int age;
};

class Mammal : public virtual Animal
{

};

class Bird : public virtual Animal
{

};

class Reptile : public virtual Animal
{

};

class Platypus : public Mammal, public Bird, public Reptile
{
public:
	Platypus()
	{
		cout<<"Constructed Platypus..."<<endl;
	}
};

//使用虚继承来解决菱形继承存在的问题
int main()
{
	Platypus p;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

总结: