1. The concept of "Nosql"
Most NoSQL stores lack true ACID transactions. And this could leads to a problem called "stale reads".
And some NoSQL systems may exhibit lost writes and other forms of data loss. Fortunately, some NoSQL systems provide concepts such as write-ahead logging to avoid data loss.
2. A basic classification of Nosqls by data model
Column, Document, Key-value, Graph, Multi-model..
Mongodb is based on Document, it uses JSON-like documents with schemas.
3. Main features of Mongodb
a. ad-hoc queries: it surports field, range expression searches.
b. indexing: the fields in Mongodb can be indexed with primary and secondary indices.
c. Replication: Mongodb provides high avalibility with replica sets. (this has something to do with the consistency of the data)
d. Load balancing: Mongodb scales horizontally using sharding. It can run over multiple servers.
e. File storage: It has a grid file system function. GridFS divides a file into parts, or chunks, and stores each parts as a seperate document.
f. Aggregation: It works with MapReduce model. The aggregation framework enables users to obtain results group by some rules.
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