第一次在Centos安装mysql,遇到很多问题,过程中一些问题分享下,有不足的地方,请指教~~
一.环境
1.Centos7 全安装(一些基本的软件都安装了)2.mysql版本5.7.11
二.安装mySql准备
1.依赖
# yum install -y gcc-c++ make cmake bison bison-devel ncurses-devel libaio-devel perl# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper
2.mysql用户以及用户组
查看是否已经创建了:# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
没有创建则新建mysql用户以及用户组:
# groupadd mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql mysql
3.解压源码包
# tar -zxv -f mysql-5.7.11.tar.gz4.确认硬盘空间,mysql大概需要2G的安装空间
# df -h5.预先下载boost_1_59_0.tar.gz,mysql安装需要这个
下载地址:https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz/download
将下载的boost_1_59_0.tar.gz放到指定的目录,个人放在/usr/share/doc/boost-1.53.0
三.安装mysql
1.cmake安装
# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8mb4 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8mb4_general_ci \
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \
-DMYSQL_USER=mysql \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DWITH_BOOST=/usr/share/doc/boost-1.53.0
2.编辑并安装
2.1 编译(时间会比较久,大概半小时左右)
# make2.2 安装
# make install
2.3 修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
#这个目录很重要,当启动mysql报错时,错误日志将在这个文件下
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.log
#配置localhost.localdomain.pid路径,以免报错Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid).
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
2.4 数据库初始化
# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
# ./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
在执行完了之后,有提示初始密码,一定要记下来
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: c+KF1Repao6s
在执行完了之后,有提示初始密码,一定要记下来
2.4 修改目录拥有者
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql2.5 添加MySQL服务
# cd /usr/local/mysql# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
四.启动mysql
1.启动mysql服务
# service mysql start2.启动mysql
2.1 登录(在mysql安装目录的bin下)# mysql -uroot -p
输入初始密码后,首先修改密码,不然会报错:ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
如果忘记了密码,只有修改密码了。
解决方法:
# vi /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]的段中加上一句:skip-grant-tables
退出保存
重启mysql
# service mysql restart
# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
# ./mysql //进入mysql数据库
> use mysql
> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("vst123456") where user='root'; //修改密码
> flush privileges;
> quit
密码修改完之后,记得把 my.cnf 中的skip-grant-tables删掉
五.遇到过的问题
1.问题:ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)描述:在mysql第一次登录遇到
解决:在 /etc/my.cnf 的 mysqld下面添加 skip-grant-tables
如下,省掉了注释:
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
skip-grant-tables
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
2.问题:(1)ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!
Starting MySQL... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/localhost.localdomain.pid)
(2)ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock'
描述:在mysql第一次登录遇到
解决:之前在没有配置 /etc/my.cnf 的 socket 和 pid-file 之前经常遇到,因为这两个参数原先是有默认值的,并不是编译安装时的指定
路径,因为在配置了指定路径之后,再也没有遇到过
如下,省掉了注释:
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
symbolic-links=0
skip-grant-tables
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/logs/mysql.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/localhost.localdomain.pid
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
3.问题:ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
描述:在mysql第一次登录修改了密码后,第二次登录时遇到
解决:mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'rootadmin';(rootadmin登录密码)
4.问题:ERROR 1862 (HY000): Your password has expired. To log in you must change it using a client that supports expired passwords.
描述:在修改密码时,没有设置过期状态为 N
解决:
第一步:修改 /etc/my.cnf 的 mysqld下面添加 skip-grant-tables ,并重启mysql
第二步:登录mysql,并重新设置密码和过期状态
mysql> update user set authentication_string=PASSWORD("123456"),password_expired = 'N' where user='root';
第三步:修改 /etc/my.cnf 的 mysqld下面删除 skip-grant-tables ,并重启mysql
5.问题:host 192.168.*.* is not allowed to connect to this mysql server
描述:使用客户端连接mysql时报错
解决:
(1)端口原因,没开放3306端口
# firewall-cmd --state //查看firewall是否启动
# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent //添加开放端口
# firewall-cmd --reload //重启防火墙
(2)帐号不允许从远程登陆
登录mysql
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>select host, user from user;
六.结束