从语法上来讲,class和struct做类型定义时只有两点区别:
(1)默认继承权限,如果不指定,来自class的继承按照private继承处理,来自struct的继承按照public继承处理;
(2)成员的默认访问权限。class的成员默认是private权限,struct默认是public权限。以上两点也是struct和class最基本的差别,也是最本质的差别;
但是在C++中,struct进行了扩展,现在它已经不仅仅是一个包含不同数据类型的数据结构
了,它包括了更多的功能;
首先,struct能包含成员函数吗?是的,答案是肯定的。
好的,写一段代码验证一下:
[cpp]
#include "stdafx.h"
struct Test
{
int a;
int getA()
{
return a;
}
void setA(int temp)
{
a = temp;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
Test testStruct;
testStruct.setA(10);
cout<<"Get the value from struct:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl;
Test *testStructPointer = new Test;
testStructPointer->setA(20);
cout<<"Get the value from struct again:"<<testStructPointer->getA()<<endl;
delete testStructPointer;
return 0;
}
以上的代码会很正确的运行,是的;没错,struct能包含成员函数的。
第二,struct有自己的构造函数吗?是的,可以的。
#include "stdafx.h"
struct Test
{
int a;
Test()
{
a = 100;
}
int getA()
{
return a;
}
void setA(int temp)
{
a = temp;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
Test testStruct;
testStruct.setA(10);
cout<<"Get the value from struct:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl; Test *testStructPointer = new Test; testStructPointer->setA(20);
cout<<"Get the value from struct again:"<getA()<<endl;
delete testStructPointer;
// test the constructor
Test testConstructor;
cout<<"Set the value by the construct and get it:"<<testConstructor.getA()<<endl;
return 0;
}
第三,struct可以有析构函数么?让我来验证一下;
[cpp]
#include "stdafx.h"
struct Test
{
int a;
Test()
{
a = 100;
}
int getA()
{
return a;
}
void setA(int temp)
{
a = temp;
}
~Test()
{
cout<<"Destructor function called."<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
Test testStruct;
testStruct.setA(10);
cout<<"Get the value from struct:"<<testStruct.getA()<<endl; Test *testStructPointer = new Test; testStructPointer->setA(20);
cout<<"Get the value from struct again:"<getA()<<endl;
delete testStructPointer;
// test the constructor
Test testConstructor;
cout<<"Set the value by the construct and get it:"<<testConstructor.getA()<<endl;
return 0;
}
是的,完全支持析构函数。
第四,struct支持继承么?再让我写代码验证一下;
[cpp]
#include "stdafx.h"
struct A
{
int a;
A()
{
a = 10;
}
void print()
{
cout<<"I am from A"<<endl;
}
};
struct B : A
{
int b;
B()
{
a = 30; // set a to 30
b = 20;
}
/*void print()
{
cout<<"I am from B"<<endl;
}*/
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
B b1;
cout<<b1.a<<endl;
cout<<b1.b<<endl;
b1.print();
A a1;
cout<<a1.a<<endl;
a1.print();
return 0;
}
运行上述代码,struct支持继承。
第五,struct支持多肽么?写代码测试一下便知;
[cpp]
#include "stdafx.h"
struct A
{
virtual void print() = 0;
};
struct B : A
{
void print()
{
cout<<"I am from B"<<endl;
}
};
struct C : A
{
void print()
{
cout<<"I am from C"<<endl; } }; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { A *a1; B *b1 = new B; C *c1 = new C; a1 = b1; a1->print(); // call B, not A
a1 = c1;
a1->print(); // call C, not A
return 0;
}
第六,struct支持private、protected和public关键字么?
[cpp]
#include "stdafx.h"
struct A
{
private:
int b;
protected:
int c;
public:
A()
{
b = 10;
c = 20;
d = 30;
}
int d;
};
struct B : A
{
void printA_C()
{
cout<<A::c<<endl;
};
// private member can not see
/*void printA_B()
{
cout<<A::b<<endl;
}*/
void printA_D()
{
cout<<A::d<<endl;
}
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
A a1;
B b1;
// private member can not see
//cout<<a1.b<<endl;
// protected member can not see
//cout<<a1.c<<endl;
// public member can see
cout<<a1.d<<endl;
return 0;
}
写了这么多了,那么会出现这种一个状况,如果是class的父类是struct关键字描述的,那么默认访问属性是什么?
当出现这种情况时,到底默认是public继承还是private继承,取决于子类而不是基类。class可以继承自struct修饰的类;同时,struct也可以继承自class修饰的类,继承属性如下列描述:
[cpp]
struct A{};
class B:A{}; // private 继承
class A{};
struct B:A{}; // public 继承
最后,那么到底是使用struct,还是使用class呢?这个看个人喜好,但是这里有一个
编程规范的问题,当你觉得你要做的更像是一种数据结构的话,那么用struct,如果你要做的更像是一种对象的话,那么用class。