浅析map和multimap应用的小程序

创建类如下：

class Person
{
private:
    char *name;
    int age;
    friend class lesserAge;
public:
    Person(const char *ch = NULL, int num = 0):age(num){  //1
        name = new char[strlen(ch)+1];
        strcpy(name, ch);
        name[strlen(ch)] = '\0';
        //cout << "name:" << name << endl;
    }
    Person(const Person &ps){  //2
        name = new char[strlen(ps.name)+1];
        strcpy(name,ps.name);
        name[strlen(ps.name)] = '\0';
        age = ps.age;
    }
    ~Person(){  //3
        delete[] name;
    }
    bool operator<(const Person &p) const {
        return strcmp(name, p.name) < 0;
    }
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Person &ps){  //4
        out << "(" << ps.name << ", " << ps.age << ")";
        return out;
    }
};
class lesserAge
{
public:
    int operator() (const Person &p1, const Person &p2) const {
        return p1.age < p2.age;
    }
};

1. 构造函数：赋值的时候可能输入的值不完整，所以设定默认值，对于char *指针赋值的时候，要采用复制的方式，否则会造成指针指向同一块区域，在析构函数起作用的时候会形成野指针。
2. 这里要显示写出复制构造函数的原因一致，在用类对象构建其他对象的时候，如果采用隐式构造函数，会导致和上述一样的问题。
3. 析构函数，在有内存申请的时候，老样子^_^
4. 重载<<为了接下来打印使用。
   main函数里结构如下：

pair<Person, char *> p[] = {
        pair<Person, char *>(Person("Gregg", 25), "Pittsburgh"),
        pair<Person, char *>(Person("Ann", 30), "Boston"),
        pair<Person, char *>(Person("Bill", 20), "Belmont")};
    map<Person, char *> cities(p, p+3);  //1
    map<Person, char *>::iterator it  = cities.begin();
    cities[Person("Kay", 40)] = "New York";  //2
    cities["Jenny"] = "Newark";  //3
    cities.insert(map<Person, char *>::value_type(Person("Kay", 40), "Detroit"));  //4
    cities.insert(pair<Person, char *>(Person("Kay", 40), "Austin"));
    map<Person, char *>::iterator i;
    for(i = cities.begin(); i != cities.end(); i++)
        cout << (*i).first << ' ' << (*i).second << endl;

1. 构造map的方式之一，不多介绍
2. 以Person类型的对象为索引（可以看作广义上的数组）
3. 对应上面的构造函数，age为默认值0，此处意为在索引Person(“Jenny”, 0)处将内容置为”Newark”。
4. 以map< T, U >::value_type的类型构造对象

---

完整代码如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

class Person
{
private:
    char *name;
    int age;
    friend class lesserAge;
public:
    Person(const char *ch = NULL, int num = 0):age(num){
        name = new char[strlen(ch)+1];
        strcpy(name, ch);
        name[strlen(ch)] = '\0';
        //cout << "name:" << name << endl;
    }
    Person(const Person &ps){
        name = new char[strlen(ps.name)+1];
        strcpy(name,ps.name);
        name[strlen(ps.name)] = '\0';
        age = ps.age;
    }
    ~Person(){
        delete[] name;
    }
    bool operator<(const Person &p) const {
        return strcmp(name, p.name) < 0;
    }
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out, const Person &ps){
        out << "(" << ps.name << ", " << ps.age << ")";
        return out;
    }
};

class lesserAge
{
public:
    int operator() (const Person &p1, const Person &p2) const {
        return p1.age < p2.age;
    }
};

int main()
{
    pair<Person, char *> p[] = {
        pair<Person, char *>(Person("Gregg", 25), "Pittsburgh"),
        pair<Person, char *>(Person("Ann", 30), "Boston"),
        pair<Person, char *>(Person("Bill", 20), "Belmont")};
    map<Person, char *> cities(p, p+3);
    map<Person, char *>::iterator it  = cities.begin();
    cities[Person("Kay", 40)] = "New York";
    cities["Jenny"] = "Newark";
    cities.insert(map<Person, char *>::value_type(Person("Kay", 40), "Detroit"));
    cities.insert(pair<Person, char *>(Person("Kay", 40), "Austin"));
    map<Person, char *>::iterator i;
    for(i = cities.begin(); i != cities.end(); i++)
        cout << (*i).first << ' ' << (*i).second << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;
    cities[p[1].first] = "Chicago";
    multimap<Person, char *> mCities(p, p+3);
    mCities.insert(pair<Person, char *>(Person("Kay", 40), "Austin"));
    mCities.insert(pair<Person, char *>(Person("Kay", 40), "Austin"));
    mCities.insert(pair<Person, char *>(Person("Kay", 40), "Detroit"));
    multimap<Person, char *>::iterator mi;
    for(mi = mCities.begin(); mi != mCities.end(); mi++)
        cout << mi->first << ' ' << mi->second << endl;
    cout << "-------------------------------------" << endl;
    (*(mCities.find(Person("Kay", 40)))).second = "New York";
    for(mi = mCities.begin(); mi != mCities.end(); mi++)
        cout << mi->first << ' ' << mi->second << endl;

    return 0;
}