lim(x→0) (tan(tanx)-sin(sinx))/(tanx-sinx)-CSDN博客

本文深入探讨了拉格朗日中值定理的应用，通过等价函数族的概念，详细解释了如何利用该定理求解特定数学问题的方法。文章重点介绍了在x→0处的某邻域内可导的等价函数族，并展示了如何通过拉格朗日中值定理求解函数极限的过程。

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$\lim_{x\rightarrow 0}{\frac{\tan{\tan{x}}-\sin{\sin {x}}}{\tan x - \sin {x}}}$

约定在x→0处的某邻域内可导的等价函数族 $g_{n}{\left ( x \right )}$ ，

则 $\lim_{x\rightarrow x_{0}}{\frac{g_{1}\left ({g_{1}{\left (x \right )}} \right )-g_{2}\left ( g_{2}\left ( x \right ) \right )}{g_{1}{\left (x \right )} -g_{2}{\left (x \right )}}}$

$=\lim_{x\rightarrow x_{0}}{\frac{g_{1}\left ({g_{1}{\left (x \right )}} \right )-g_{1}\left ({g_{2}{\left (x \right )}} \right )+g_{1}\left ({g_{2}{\left (x \right )}} \right )-g_{2}\left ( g_{2}\left ( x \right ) \right )}{g_{1}{\left (x \right )} -g_{2}{\left (x \right )}}}$

$=\lim_{x\rightarrow x_{0}}{\frac{g_{1}\left ({g_{1}{\left (x \right )}} \right )-g_{1}\left ({g_{2}{\left (x \right )}} \right )}{g_{1}{\left (x \right )} -g_{2}{\left (x \right )}}} + \lim_{x\rightarrow x_{0}}{\frac{g_{1}\left ({g_{2}{\left (x \right )}} \right )-g_{2}\left ( g_{2}\left ( x \right ) \right )}{g_{1}{\left (x \right )} -g_{2}{\left (x \right )}}}$

根据拉格朗日中值定理，左式 $=\lim_{x\rightarrow x_{0}}{g{}'_{1}\left ( \xi \right )}$ ， $\xi$ 介于 $g_{1}\left ( x \right )$ 与 $g_{2}\left ( x \right )$ 之间，则 $\xi$ 的极限为 $g_{1}{\left ( x_{0} \right )}$ （或 $g_{2}{\left ( x_{0} \right )}$ ，二者相等）

即左式 $=g_{1}{}'\left ( g_{2}\left ( x_{0} \right ) \right )$

右式 $=\lim_{\Delta \rightarrow 0}{\frac{g_{2}\left ({g_{2}{\left (x \right )+\Delta }} \right )-g_{2}\left ( g_{2}\left ( x \right ) \right )}{\Delta }}$ $=g_{2}{}'\left ( g_{2}\left ( x_{0} \right ) \right )$

即

$\lim_{x\rightarrow x_{0}}{\frac{g_{1}\left ({g_{1}{\left (x \right )}} \right )-g_{2}\left ( g_{2}\left ( x \right ) \right )}{g_{1}{\left (x \right )} -g_{2}{\left (x \right )}}}$ $=g_{1}{}'\left ( g_{2}\left ( x_{0} \right ) \right )+g_{2}{}'\left ( g_{2}\left ( x_{0} \right ) \right )$