Linux 文件操作编程

/*  We start by defining a RECORD structure
    and then create NRECORDS versions each recording their number.
    These are appended to the file records.dat.  */


#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


typedef struct {
    int integer;
    char string[24];
} RECORD;


#define NRECORDS (100)


int main()
{
    RECORD record, *mapped;
    int i, f;
    FILE *fp;


    fp = fopen("records.dat","w+");
    for(i=0; i<NRECORDS; i++) {
        record.integer = i;
        sprintf(record.string,"RECORD-%d",i);
        fwrite(&record,sizeof(record),1,fp);
    }
    fclose(fp);


/*  We now change the integer value of record 43 to 143
    and write this to the 43rd record's string.  */


    fp = fopen("records.dat","r+");
    fseek(fp,43*sizeof(record),SEEK_SET);
    fread(&record,sizeof(record),1,fp);


    record.integer = 143;
    sprintf(record.string,"RECORD-%d",record.integer);


    fseek(fp,43*sizeof(record),SEEK_SET);
    fwrite(&record,sizeof(record),1,fp);
    fclose(fp);


/*  We now map the records into memory
    and access the 43rd record in order to change the integer to 243
    (and update the record string), again using memory mapping.  */


    f = open("records.dat",O_RDWR);
    mapped = (RECORD *)mmap(0, NRECORDS*sizeof(record), 
                          PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, f, 0);


    mapped[43].integer = 243;
    sprintf(mapped[43].string,"RECORD-%d",mapped[43].integer);


    msync((void *)mapped, NRECORDS*sizeof(record), MS_ASYNC);
    munmap((void *)mapped, NRECORDS*sizeof(record));
    close(f);


    exit(0);
}

unistd.h 是 C 和 C++ 程序设计语言中提供对 POSIX 操作系统 API 的访问功能的头文件的名称。

stdlib 头文件即standard library标准库头文件。

sprintf 字符串格式化命令，主要功能是把格式化的数据写入某个字符串中。sprintf 是个变参函数。

原型

int sprintf( char *buffer, const char *format, [ argument] … );

buffer： char型指针，指向将要写入的字符串的缓冲区。

format：格式化字符串。

[argument].. .：可选参数，可以是任何类型的数据。