Java并发编程-12-等待多个并发事件的完成-CountDownLatch

一、等待多个事件的完成CountDownLatch

1、CountDownLatch是一个同步辅助类。在完成一组其他线程中执行的操作之前，它允许线程一直等待

2、这个类使用一个整数进行初始化，这个整数就是线程要等待完成的操作的数目

3、当一个线程要等待某些操作先执行完时，需要调用await()方法，这个方法让线程进入休眠直到所有的操作都完成

4、当一个操作完成的时候，调用countDown()方法将CountDownLatch类的内部计数器减一。当计数器为0的时候，countDownLatch类将唤醒所有调用await()方法而进入休眠的线程

二、模拟视频会议系统，这个视频会议必须要等到所有的参会者到齐才开始

package com.concurrent.threadAvgClass;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;

/**
 * 视频会议系统
 * 
 * @author Nicholas
 *
 */
public class VideoConference implements Runnable {

	private final CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

	public VideoConference(int number) {
		countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(number);
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 * @param name
	 */
	public void Arrive(String name) {
		System.out.println(name + " has Arraved .");

		// 有一位参会者到场，等待的减一
		countDownLatch.countDown();

		// 打印未到的参与者
		System.out.println("VideoConference : Waiting for "
				+ countDownLatch.getCount() + " participants");
	}

	@Override
	public void run() {
		// 打印初始的视频会议人数
		System.out.printf(
				"VideoConference : Initialization : %d participants\n",
				countDownLatch.getCount());

		try {
			countDownLatch.await();
			System.out
					.println("VideoConference : All the participants have come");
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

}

package com.concurrent.threadAvgClass;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Participant implements Runnable{

	private VideoConference videoConference;
	private String name;
	
	public Participant(VideoConference videoConference, String name) {
		this.videoConference = videoConference;
		this.name = name;
	}


	@Override
	public void run() {
		long duration = (long) (Math.random()*10);
		
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(duration);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		
		//与会者到来
		videoConference.Arrive(name);
	}
}

测试

// 十个人参与会议
		VideoConference videoConference = new VideoConference(10);

		Thread threadVideoConference = new Thread(videoConference);
		threadVideoConference.start();

		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			Participant participant = new Participant(videoConference,
					"participant-" + i);
			Thread threadParticipant = new Thread(participant);
			threadParticipant.start();
		}

打印结果

VideoConference : Initialization : 10 participants
participant-8 has Arraved .
participant-7 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 9 participants
VideoConference : Waiting for 8 participants
participant-4 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 7 participants
participant-2 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 6 participants
participant-6 has Arraved .
participant-0 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 5 participants
VideoConference : Waiting for 4 participants
participant-5 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 3 participants
participant-1 has Arraved .
participant-3 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 1 participants
VideoConference : Waiting for 2 participants
participant-9 has Arraved .
VideoConference : Waiting for 0 participants
VideoConference : All the participants have come

三、注意事项

1、CountDownLatch有三个基本的元素

• 一个初始值，定义必须等待的先行完成的操作的数目
• await()方法，需要等待其他事件先完成的线程调用
• countDown()方法，每个被等待的事件在完成时调用

2、当创建CountDownLatch对象时，使用构造器来初始化内部计数器。当countDown()方法被调用时，计数器减一。当计数器到达0时，CountDownLatch对象将唤醒所有的在await()方法上等待的线程

3、CountDownLatch对象内部计数器被初始化之后就不能再次被初始化或者修改

4、CountDownLatch机制不是用来保护临界区资源或者共享资源的，他是用来同步执行多个任务的一个或多个线程

5、CountDownLatch只准许进入一次。