Spring中Bean的初始化过程

在传统的Java应用中，Bean的生命周期非常简单。Java的关键词new用来实例化Bean（或许他是非序列化的）。这样就够用了。相反，Bean 的生命周期在Spring容器中更加细致。理解Spring Bean的生命周期非常重要，因为你或许要利用Spring提供的机会来订制Bean的创建过程。

1. 容器寻找Bean的定义信息并且将其实例化。
2.受用依赖注入，Spring按照Bean定义信息配置Bean的所有属性。
3.如果Bean实现了BeanNameAware接口，工厂调用Bean的setBeanName()方法传递Bean的ID。
4.如果Bean实现了BeanFactoryAware接口，工厂调用setBeanFactory()方法传入工厂自身。
5.如果BeanPostProcessor和Bean关联，那么它们的postProcessBeforeInitialzation()方法将被调用。
6.如果Bean指定了init-method方法，它将被调用。
7.最后，如果有BeanPsotProcessor和Bean关联，那么它们的postProcessAfterInitialization()方法将被调用。
    到这个时候，Bean已经可以被应用系统使用了，并且将被保留在Bean Factory中知道它不再需要。有两种方法可以把它从Bean Factory中删除掉。
1.如果Bean实现了DisposableBean接口，destory()方法被调用。
2.如果指定了订制的销毁方法，就调用这个方法。
    Bean在Spring应用上下文的生命周期与在Bean工厂中的生命周期只有一点不同，唯一不同的是，如果Bean实现了ApplicationContextAwre接口，setApplicationContext()方法被调用。

举例：（这里只是演示Bean工厂的例子）
我这里用的是spring-1.2.6，由于版本原因吧，这里演示的不是很好!
1.HelloWorld.java

Java代码

1. package com.spring.lifecycle;   
2.   
3. import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;   
4. import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;   
5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;   
6. import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;   
7. import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;   
8. import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;   
9. import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;   
10.   
11. public class HelloWorld implements BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware, BeanPostProcessor,InitializingBean,DisposableBean{   
12.   
13.     private String hello;   
14.   
15.     public void setBeanName(String arg0) {   
16.         System.out.println("调用BeanNameAware的setBeanName()..." );   
17.     }   
18.   
19.     public String getHello() {   
20.         return hello;   
21.     }   
22.   
23.     public void setHello(String hello) {   
24.         this.hello = hello;   
25.         System.out.println("调用setHello()..." );   
26.     }   
27.   
28.     public void customInit() {   
29.         System.out.println("调用customInit()...");   
30.     }   
31.   
32.     public void customDestroy() {   
33.         System.out.println("调用customDestroy()...");   
34.     }   
35.   
36.     public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)   
37.             throws BeansException {   
38.         System.out.println("调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization()...");   
39.         return null;   
40.     }   
41.   
42.     public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)   
43.             throws BeansException {   
44.         System.out.println("调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization()...");   
45.         return null;   
46.     }   
47.   
48.     public void destroy() throws Exception {   
49.         System.out.println("调用DisposableBean的destory()...");   
50.     }   
51.   
52.     public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {   
53.         System.out.println("调用InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet()...");   
54.     }   
55.   
56.     public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory arg0) throws BeansException {   
57.         System.out.println("调用BeanFactoryAware的setBeanFactory()...");   
58.     }   
59. }  

package com.spring.lifecycle;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactoryAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNameAware;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;

public class HelloWorld implements BeanNameAware,BeanFactoryAware, BeanPostProcessor,InitializingBean,DisposableBean{

	private String hello;

	public void setBeanName(String arg0) {
		System.out.println("调用BeanNameAware的setBeanName()..." );
	}

	public String getHello() {
		return hello;
	}

	public void setHello(String hello) {
		this.hello = hello;
		System.out.println("调用setHello()..." );
	}

	public void customInit() {
		System.out.println("调用customInit()...");
	}

	public void customDestroy() {
		System.out.println("调用customDestroy()...");
	}

	public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
			throws BeansException {
		System.out.println("调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessAfterInitialization()...");
		return null;
	}

	public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object arg0, String arg1)
			throws BeansException {
		System.out.println("调用BeanPostProcessor的postProcessBeforeInitialization()...");
		return null;
	}

	public void destroy() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("调用DisposableBean的destory()...");
	}

	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("调用InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet()...");
	}

	public void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory arg0) throws BeansException {
		System.out.println("调用BeanFactoryAware的setBeanFactory()...");
	}
}

2.测试程序

Java代码

1. package com.spring.springtest;   
2.   
3. import junit.framework.TestCase;   
4.   
5. import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;   
6. import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;   
7.   
8. import com.spring.lifecycle.HelloWorld;   
9.   
10. public class TestLifeCycle extends TestCase {   
11.     private BeanFactory bf;   
12.   
13.     protected void setUp() throws Exception {   
14.         bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");   
15.     }   
16.   
17.     public void testLifeCycle() throws Exception {   
18.         HelloWorld hello = (HelloWorld) bf.getBean("helloWorld");   
19.         assertEquals("hello world!", hello.getHello());   
20.         hello.destroy();   
21.     }   
22. }  

package com.spring.springtest;

import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.spring.lifecycle.HelloWorld;

public class TestLifeCycle extends TestCase {
	private BeanFactory bf;

	protected void setUp() throws Exception {
		bf = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
	}

	public void testLifeCycle() throws Exception {
		HelloWorld hello = (HelloWorld) bf.getBean("helloWorld");
		assertEquals("hello world!", hello.getHello());
		hello.destroy();
	}
}

3.applicationContext.xml

Xml代码

1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  
2. <!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">  
3. <beans>  
4.     <bean id="helloWorld" class="com.spring.lifecycle.HelloWorld"  
5.         init-method="customInit" destroy-method="customDestroy">  
6.         <property name="hello" value="hello world!"></property>  
7.     </bean>  
8. </beans>  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
	<bean id="helloWorld" class="com.spring.lifecycle.HelloWorld"
		init-method="customInit" destroy-method="customDestroy">
		<property name="hello" value="hello world!"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

4.运行结果：

引用

调用setHello()...
调用BeanNameAware的setBeanName()...
调用BeanFactoryAware的setBeanFactory()...
调用InitializingBean的afterPropertiesSet()...
调用customInit()...
调用DisposableBean的destory()...

2.

<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN"
    " http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
    <bean id="life" name="life_name" class="com.open.bean.Life"
        init-method="init">
        <property name="msg" value="lifexxxx"/>
    </bean>   
    <bean id="processor" class="com.open.bean.BeanPostProcessorImp"/>
    <bean id="counter" class="com.open.bean.BeanCounter"/>
</beans>测试类 package com.open.bean;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext cx=
            new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
         Life life=(Life)cx.getBean("life");    
    }
}    输出结果 类的数量＝3
msg=null
构造函数
setBeanName
setBeanFactory
postProcessBeforeInitialization
afterPropertiesSet
初始化
postProcessAfterInitialization解释：
调用BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的postProcessBeanFactory方法
-->实例化,调用构造函数-->设置属性值
-->调用BeanNameAware的setBeanName()方法
-->调用BeanFactoryAware接口的setBeanFactory
-->调用BeanPostProcessor接口的postProcessBeforeInitialization()
-->调用InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet()
-->调用bean.xml中制定的init-method指定init()方法
-->调用BeanPostProcessor接口的postProcessAfterInitialization()
容器关闭
-->DisposableBean接口的destroy()
-->调用bean.xml中制定的destroy-method指定的go()方法