POJ 2167 Irrelevant Elements 质因数分解

最新推荐文章于 2019-11-30 22:11:03 发布

码代码的猿猿的AC之路

最新推荐文章于 2019-11-30 22:11:03 发布

阅读量1k

点赞数

分类专栏：数论

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/ck_boss/article/details/41277321

版权

数论专栏收录该内容

37 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

本文探讨了一种由年轻密码分析师发明的独特随机数生成方案。该方案通过一系列相邻数求和及模运算产生最终随机数。文章揭示了此方法的一个关键问题：即最终结果可能不依赖于某些初始值。通过数学分析确定哪些初始元素对结果无关紧要。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

Irrelevant Elements

Time Limit: 5000MS		Memory Limit: 65536K
Total Submissions: 2231		Accepted: 550
Case Time Limit: 2000MS

Description

Young cryptoanalyst Georgie is investigating different schemes of generating random integer numbers ranging from 0 to m - 1. He thinks that standard random number generators are not good enough, so he has invented his own scheme that is intended to bring more randomness into the generated numbers.
First, Georgie chooses n and generates n random integer numbers ranging from 0 to m - 1. Let the numbers generated be a1, a2, . . . , an. After that Georgie calculates the sums of all pairs of adjacent numbers, and replaces the initial array with the array of sums, thus getting n - 1 numbers: a1 + a2, a2 + a3, . . . , a _n-1 + an. Then he applies the same procedure to the new array, getting n - 2 numbers. The procedure is repeated until only one number is left. This number is then taken modulo m. That gives the result of the generating procedure.
Georgie has proudly presented this scheme to his computer science teacher, but was pointed out that the scheme has many drawbacks. One important drawback is the fact that the result of the procedure sometimes does not even depend on some of the initially generated numbers. For example, if n = 3 and m = 2, then the result does not depend on a2.
Now Georgie wants to investigate this phenomenon. He calls the i-th element of the initial array irrelevant if the result of the generating procedure does not depend on ai. He considers various n and m and wonders which elements are irrelevant for these parameters. Help him to find it out.

Input

Input contains n and m (1 <= n <= 100 000, 2 <= m <= 10 ⁹).

Output

On the first line of the output print the number of irrelevant elements of the initial array for given n and m. On the second line print all such i that i-th element is irrelevant. Numbers on the second line must be printed in the ascending order and must be separated by spaces.

Sample Input

3 2

Sample Output

1
2

Source

Northeastern Europe 2004

[Submit] [Go Back] [Status] [Discuss]

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

const int maxn=100100;

int n,m;
int pm[maxn],pr[maxn],pc[maxn],pn;
vector<int> ans;

void f(int x,int d)
{
    for(int i=0;i<pn;i++)
        while(x%pm[i]==0)
        {
            pc[i]+=d;
            x/=pm[i];
        }
}

bool check()
{
    for(int i=0;i<pn;i++)
    {
        if(pc[i]<pr[i]) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&m)!=EOF)
    {
        ans.clear(); pn=0;

        /**********/
        for(int i=2;i*i<=m;i++)
        {
            if(m%i==0)
            {
                pm[pn]=i;
                while(m%i==0)
                {
                    pr[pn]++;
                    m/=i;
                }
                pn++;
            }
        }
        if(m!=1)
        {
            pm[pn]=m;
            pr[pn++]=1;
        }
        /**********/
        n--;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            f(n-i+1,1);
            f(i,-1);
            if(check())
            {
                ans.push_back(i+1);
            }
        }

        printf("%d\n",ans.size());
        sort(ans.begin(),ans.end());
        for(int i=0,sz=ans.size();i<sz;i++)
        {
            printf("%d ",ans[i]);
        }
        putchar(10);
    }
    return 0;
}