安卓版本比较 Android versions comparison

转自:http://socialcompare.com/en/comparison/android-versions-comparison

Android platform

Android is a software stack that includes an operating system, middleware and key applications. While Google is the main actor which comes to mind, the Open Handset Alliance also collaborates on Android's development and release. The operating system is based on the Linux kernel, the specific versions depends on the platform version and is given in the comparison table below.

Phones / Tablets / Smart watches / TV Player...

The latest version of the platform is now Pie Android 9.

Android 8 introduced an Android flavor for low-end devices the Go Edition. It aims devices with low RAM (1GB or less), slow internet connections and lower-end CPU. It comes with popular apps dedicated to this flavor: Gmail Go, Google Go, Maps Go...

There was previously two flavors of the platform. One targeted for small screens mainly mobile phones (all versions below 3.0), and one dedicated for tablets: Honeycomb Android 3.0. However not all Android tablets support this version (some tablets use the Android 2.x).

These two variants of the platform have been merged to a versatile and uniform platform since "Ice Cream Sandwich", which has been released in October 2011. It combines "Gingerbread" and "Honeycomb" versions in a cohesive platform for tablets and phones at the same time.

Android 5.0 aka Lollipop target to be even more versatile to target also smart watches, TV player, Car media center... device with only 512 of RAM can support this new version.

Note: The market share figures (Jul. 2018) are based on statistics using API level, so the percentage might gather several versions of the Android platform.

Related comparisons:

http://socialcompare.com/en/comparison/mobile-os-comparison-developer-view

The following comparison chart lists the main differences between each version of the android platform using the changelog of each version. Do not hesitate to contribute or comment to make this comparison table as accurate as possible.

	Version name	Key user features added	Key developer features added	Release date	Android market share	API Level
Android 9	Pie	User interface updates: Rounded corners across the UI Quick settings menu change. Notification bar, the clock has moved to the left. The "dock" now has a semi-transparent background. New transitions when switching between apps, or within apps Volume slider updated Richer messaging notifications: with full conversation, large images, smart replies The power options now has a "screenshot" button Biometric authentication can now be disabled only once		2018-08-09		28
Android 8.1	Oreo	Show battery level in "Quick Settings" for devices connected via Bluetooth Navigation buttons dim when not in use UI updates to 'Power Off' and 'Restart' Toast messages are now white in color with same existing transparency Automatic light and dark themes Emoji updates (ie: Hamburger move the cheese slice position)	Neural networks API for artificial intelligence Shared memory API WallpaperColors API Programmatic Safe Browsing actions Autofill framework updates Go Edition: lightweight Android distribution for devices with less than 1 GB of RAM	2017-12-05	2 %	27
Android 8.0	Oreo	PIP: Picture-in-Picture with resizable windows Android Instant apps Improved notifications system Improved system settings Lock screen redesign		2017-08-21	10.1 %	26
Android 7.1.2	Nougat	Battery usage alerts Nexus and Pixel specific improvements		2017-04-04	9.6 % (7.1 - 7.1.2)	25
Android 7.1.1	Nougat	Long press on the app icon enable new launch actions The default keyboard allows now to send GIFs directly New set of emojis		2016-12-05	9.6 % (7.1 - 7.1.2)	25
Android 7.1	Nougat	Daydream Virtual Reality mode Night Light Storage manager improvements Performance improvements for Touch and Display managements Option to enable fingerprint swipe down gesture Seamless system updates	Shortcut manager APIs Support Circular app icons Keyboard image insertion VR thread scheduling improvements Enhanced wallpaper metadata Multi-endpoint call support Source type support for Visual Voicemail Carrier config options to manage video telephony	2016-10-04	9.6 % (7.1 - 7.1.2)	25
Android 7.0	Nougat	Unicode 9.0 emoji Better multitasking Multi-window mode (PIP, Freeform window) Seamless system updates (with dual system partition) Better performance and code size thanks to new JIT Compiler	Sustained Performance Mode (SPM) API Vulkan 3D rendering API Daydream virtual reality platform	2016-08-22	21.2 %	24
Android 6.0.1	Marshmallow	New emojis		2015-12-07	23.5 % (6 - 6.0.1)	23
Android 6	Marshmallow	USB Type-C support Fingerprint Authentication support Better battery life with "deep sleep" Permissions dashboard Android Pay MIDI support Google Now improvements	Custom Chrome Tabs for better in app browser support App Permissions management update	2015-10-05	23.5 % (6 - 6.0.1)	23
Android 5.1.1	Lollipop	Speed improvement Bug fixes		2015-04-21	16.2 % (5.1 - 5.1.1)	22
Android 5.1	Lollipop	Multiple SIM cards support Quick settings shortcuts to join Wi-Fi networks or control Bluetooth devices Lock protection if lost or stolen High Definition voice call Stability and performance enhancements		2015-03-09	16.2 % (5.1 - 5.1.1)	22
Android 5.0.2	Lollipop	Performance improvements and bug fixes		2014-12-19	4.2 % (5.0 - 5.0.2)	21
Android 5.0.1	Lollipop	bug fixes, fix issues with video playback and password failures		2014-12-02	4.2 % (5.0 - 5.0.2)	21
Android 5.0	Lollipop	New design (Material design) Speed improvement Battery consumption improvement	Several new API Tracking battery consumption app	2014-10-17	4.2 % (5.0 - 5.0.2)	21
Android 4.4.4	KitKat	Fix Heartbleed / OpenSSL vulnerability		2014-06-23	9.1 % (4.4 - 4.4.4)	19
Android 4.4.3	KitKat	Bug fixes Enable Sprint Spark band 26 and band 41		2014-04-14	9.1 % (4.4 - 4.4.4)	19
Android 4.4.2	KitKat	Bug fixes Security enhancements		2013-12-09	9.1 % (4.4 - 4.4.4)	19
Android 4.4.1	KitKat	Bug fixes Enhance the camera on the Nexus 5		2013-12-05	9.1 % (4.4 - 4.4.4)	19
Android 4.4	KitKat	Screen recording New Translucent system UI Enhanced notification access System-wide settings for closed captioning Performance improvements	Public API for SMS management. Improved memory usage Security enhancements (SELinux enforcing mode, new cryptographic algorithms, VPN per user...) NFC Host Card Emulation (for wireless payment, loyalty programs...) Printing Framework Storage Access Framework Hardware Sensor Batching Full-screen immersive mode GLES2.0 SurfaceFlinger Chromium WebView Audio tunneling to DSP Audio monitoring Wi-Fi certified Miracast New Bluetooth profile IR Blasters API Wi-Fi Tunneled Direct Link Setup (TDLS) support Tools for analyzing memory use (procstats, on-device memory status and profiling)	2013-10-31	9.1 % (4.4 - 4.4.4)	19
Android 4.3	Jelly Bean	Dial pad auto-complete Photo Sphere enhancements Camera app UI updated 4K resolution support Ability to create restricted profiles for tablets Hebrew and Arabic right-to-left (RTL) support Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) support Bluetooth Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) 1.3 support Security and performance enhancements	OpenGL for Embedded Systems 3.0 graphics support Logging and analyzing enhancements Wi-Fi scanning API Improved DRM (digital rights management) API VP8 encoding	2013-07-24	0.5 % (4.3)	18
Android 4.2.2	Jelly Bean	Allow toggling Wi-Fi and Bluetooth state in Quick Settings using long-press Shows the percentage and estimated time remaining in the active download notifications Wireless charging and low battery sounds changed Gallery app updated for faster loading with new image transition Performance enhancements and bug fixes (Bluetooth A2DP audio streaming fix...)	Secure USB debugging (allow debugging to authenticated computers only)	2013-02-11	1.9 % (4.2 - 4.2.2)	17
Android 4.2.1	Jelly Bean	Fix missing december bug in the People app Add support for Bluetooth gamepads and joysticks HID devices		2012-11-27	1.9 % (4.2 - 4.2.2)	17
Android 4.2	Jelly Bean	Lockscreen widgets 360 degree images with Photo Sphere Gesture Typing, for faster typing Wireless display with Miracast Daydream to display information when idle or docked Multi-user for tablets	vsync timing Triple buffering reduced touch latency CPU input boost Native RTL support - mirrors the display from manifest prop External display support - Display Manager Nested fragments Renderscript Compute - run tasks on the GPU (supported devices) Renderscript ScriptGroups, built-in intrinsics like blur, FilterScript is a subset of Renderscript made for high performance image processing	2012-11-13	1.9 % (4.2 - 4.2.2)	17
Android 4.1.2	Jelly Bean	Enable Home screen rotation Fix bugs and enhance performances		2012-10-09	1.2 % (4.1 - 4.1.2)	16
Android 4.1.1	Jelly Bean	Fix a bug on screen orientation		2012-07-23	1.2 % (4.1 - 4.1.2)	16
Android 4.1	Jelly Bean	Google Now ( http://youtu.be/pPqliPzHYyc ) Voice Search Speed enhancements Camera app improvements Accessibility: gesture mode, enable braille external keyboards...	app stack navigation to define a parent activity in manifest for deep navigation MediaActionSound class to make sounds like when a camera takes a photo NFC supports large payloads over bluetooth WIFI/WIFI-Direct service discovery Large, detailed, multi-action notifications Input manager allows you to query input devices	2012-07-09	1.2 % (4.1 - 4.1.2)	16
Android 4.0.4	Ice Cream Sandwich	stability improvements better camera performance smoother screen rotation		2012-03-28	0.3 % (4.0.3 - 4.0.4)	15
Android 4.0.3	Ice Cream Sandwich	Social stream API in Contacts provider to show updates associated to your contacts Video stabilization and QVGA video resolution API access Accessibility API refinements for screen readers Calendar provider updates		2011-12-16	0.3 % (4.0.3 - 4.0.4)	15
Android 4.0.2	Ice Cream Sandwich	Minor fixes		2011-11-28	0 %	14
Android 4.0.1	Ice Cream Sandwich	Facial recognition (Face Unlock) UI use Hardware acceleration Better voice recognition (dictating/Voice typing) Web browser, allows up to 16 tabs Updated launcher (customizable) Android Beam app to exchange data through NFC		2011-10-19	0 %	14
Android 4.0	Ice Cream Sandwich	New lock screen actions Improved text input and spell-checking Control over network data Email app supports EAS v14 WI-FI direct BlueTooth Health Device Profile	Low-level streaming multimedia (Khronos OpenMAX AL Grid Layout Spell checking service Address Space Layout Randomization VPN client API Remote Device camera enable/disable ZSL exposure, continuous focus, and image zoom Flags to help control system ui elements like system bar from apps	2011-10-18	0 %	14
Android 3.2.6	Honeycomb	Minor fixes		2012-02-15	0 %	13
Android 3.2.4	Honeycomb	Added "Pay as you go" for tablets		2011-12-15	0 %	13
Android 3.2.2	Honeycomb	Minor fixes		2011-09-30	0 %	13
Android 3.2.1	Honeycomb	Android Market updates including easier automatic updates Google Books updates Wi-Fi improvements Chinese handwriting prediction improved		2011-09-20	0 %	13
Android 3.2	Honeycomb	Optimizations for a wider range of tablets Compatibility display mode (zoom for fixed-sized apps) Media sync from SD card	Extended API for managing screens support New resource qualifiers for screens support New manifest attributes for screen-size compatibility Screen compatibility mode which allows for phone apps to appear as if they were still on a phone	2011-07-15	0 %	13
Android 3.1	Honeycomb	UI improvements Open Accessory API USB host API Mice, joysticks, gamepads... support Resizable Home screen widgets MTP notifications RTP API for audio		2011-05-10	0 %	12
Android 3.0	Honeycomb	Multi core support Better tablet support Updated 3D UI customizable homescreens recent applications viewing redone keyboard layout Media/Picture transport protocol Google Talk video chat Google eBooks "Private browsing" System-wide Clipboard HTTP Live streaming	contextual action bar Fragments first introduced(support library now supports it as well) Hardware-accelerated 2D graphics Renderscript 3D graphics engine Pluggable DRM framework device administration High performance Animation Framework RTP streaming API Forced rendering of layers High performance WIFI lock Vew network traffic stats ADTS AAC and FLAC audio LRU cache	2011-02-22	0 %	11
Android 2.3.7	Gingerbread	Google Wallet support for the Nexus S 4G		2011-09-21	0.2 % (2.3.3 - 2.3.7)	10
Android 2.3.6	Gingerbread	Voice search issue fixed		2011-09-02	0.2 % (2.3.3 - 2.3.7)	10
Android 2.3.5	Gingerbread	Improved network performance for the Nexus S 4G Fixed Bluetooth issues on the Samsung Galaxy S Gmail app. improvements		2011-07-25	0.2 % (2.3.3 - 2.3.7)	10
Android 2.3.4	Gingerbread	Voice or video chat using Google Talk	Open Accessory API	2011-05-10	0.2 % (2.3.3 - 2.3.7)	10
Android 2.3.3	Gingerbread		NFC API improvements (peer to peer communication...) added unsecure bluetooth sockets	2011-02-09	0.2 % (2.3.3 - 2.3.7)	10
Android 2.3	Gingerbread	Updated UI Improved keyboard ease of use Improved copy/paste Improved power management Social networking features Near Field Communication support Native VoIP/SIP support Video call support	performance - concurrent garbage collection, faster event distribution, updated video drivers NDK - Native Asset Manager, Native Activities + event handling, khronos api audio effects api VP8, WebM, AAC, AMR wideband Multiple camera sensor support strictmode debugging media framework replaces OpenCore	2010-12-06	0 % (2.3 - 2.3.2)	9
Android 2.2	Froyo	Speed improvements JIT implementation USB Tethering Applications installation to the expandable memory Upload file support in the browser Animated GIFs		2010-05-20	0 %	8
Android 2.1	Eclair	Updated UI		2010-01-12	0 %	7
Android 2.0.1	Eclair			2009-12-03	0 %	6
Android 2.0	Eclair	HTML Digital zoom Microsoft Exchange support Bluetooth 2.1 Live Wallpapers Updated UI		2009-10-26	0 %	5
Android 1.6	Donut	Gesture framework Turn-by-turn navigation		2009-09-15	0 %	4
Android 1.5	Cupcake	Bluetooth A2DP, AVRCP support Soft-keyboard with text-prediction Record/watch videos		2009-04-30	0 %	3
Android 1.1	Banana bread	"Show" & "Hide" numeric keyboard, in caller application Ability to save MMS attachments		2009-02-09	0 %	2
Android 1.0	Apple pie	Download and updates via Android Market Web Browser Camera support Gmail, Contacts and Google Agenda synchronization Google Maps YouTube application		2008-09-23	0 %	1
Android 0.9				2008-08-22	0 %