1. 简单定时任务Scheduled
适用场景:单机
SpringBoot下需要在启动类上加注解@EnableScheduling,启用Schedule定时任务
@Scheduled(cron = "0 0 1 * * ?")
public void schedule1 () {
logger.info("=== 定时任务1 ===")
}
2.分布式定时任务Quartz
适用场景:分布式集群,同一时间只会有一台机器执行定时任务
quartz的优点:
1.我们可以实现多个定时任务进行调度。
2.可以实现与代码的解耦,通过配置文件的方式进行配置。
3.功能强大,可以通过cron表达式设置复杂的时间任务调度。
quartz核心点:
1.job:(被任务调度的接口),我们需要实现job,和继承TimerTask重写run方法一样,重写job中的excute方法,excute方法是任务调度的方法执行位置。
2.JobDetail:必须通过JobDetail来实现Job实例,(基于builder模式实现的)
3.trigger(包括:CronTrigger 和simpleTrigger):指定任务调度的频率时间。何时进行任务调度(基于builder模式实现的)触发器
4.scheduler:结合jobdetail 实例和trigger实例,进行调度的触发的调度器(基于factory模式)。
Quartz 中集群如何工作
一个 Quartz 集群中的每个节点是一个独立的 Quartz 应用,它又管理着其他的节点。意思是你必须对每个节点分别启动或停止。不像许多应用服务器的集群,独立的 Quartz 节点并不与另一其的节点或是管理节点通信。Quartz 应用是通过数据库表来感知到另一应用的。离开了db将无法感知.
导入数据库:
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_blob_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_blob_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_blob_triggers` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`BLOB_DATA` blob,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
KEY `SCHED_NAME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
CONSTRAINT `qrtz_blob_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_calendars
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_calendars`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_calendars` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`CALENDAR_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`CALENDAR` blob NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`CALENDAR_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_cron_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_cron_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_cron_triggers` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`CRON_EXPRESSION` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TIME_ZONE_ID` varchar(80) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
CONSTRAINT `qrtz_cron_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_fired_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_fired_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_fired_triggers` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`ENTRY_ID` varchar(95) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`INSTANCE_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`FIRED_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
`SCHED_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
`PRIORITY` int(11) NOT NULL,
`STATE` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`JOB_NAME` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`IS_NONCONCURRENT` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`REQUESTS_RECOVERY` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`ENTRY_ID`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_TRIG_INST_NAME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_INST_JOB_REQ_RCVRY` (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_J_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_JG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_T_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_FT_TG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_job_details
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_job_details`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_job_details` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`JOB_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`DESCRIPTION` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,
`JOB_CLASS_NAME` varchar(250) NOT NULL,
`IS_DURABLE` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
`IS_NONCONCURRENT` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
`IS_UPDATE_DATA` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
`REQUESTS_RECOVERY` varchar(1) NOT NULL,
`JOB_DATA` blob,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_J_REQ_RECOVERY` (`SCHED_NAME`,`REQUESTS_RECOVERY`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_J_GRP` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_locks
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_locks`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_locks` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`LOCK_NAME` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`LOCK_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_paused_trigger_grps
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_paused_trigger_grps`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_paused_trigger_grps` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_scheduler_state
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_scheduler_state`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_scheduler_state` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`INSTANCE_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`LAST_CHECKIN_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
`CHECKIN_INTERVAL` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`INSTANCE_NAME`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_simple_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_simple_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_simple_triggers` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`REPEAT_COUNT` bigint(7) NOT NULL,
`REPEAT_INTERVAL` bigint(12) NOT NULL,
`TIMES_TRIGGERED` bigint(10) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
CONSTRAINT `qrtz_simple_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_simprop_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_simprop_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_simprop_triggers` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`STR_PROP_1` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
`STR_PROP_2` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
`STR_PROP_3` varchar(512) DEFAULT NULL,
`INT_PROP_1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`INT_PROP_2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`LONG_PROP_1` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`LONG_PROP_2` bigint(20) DEFAULT NULL,
`DEC_PROP_1` decimal(13,4) DEFAULT NULL,
`DEC_PROP_2` decimal(13,4) DEFAULT NULL,
`BOOL_PROP_1` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
`BOOL_PROP_2` varchar(1) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
CONSTRAINT `qrtz_simprop_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_triggers` (`SCHED_NAME`, `TRIGGER_NAME`, `TRIGGER_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for qrtz_triggers
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `qrtz_triggers`;
CREATE TABLE `qrtz_triggers` (
`SCHED_NAME` varchar(120) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`JOB_NAME` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`JOB_GROUP` varchar(200) NOT NULL,
`DESCRIPTION` varchar(250) DEFAULT NULL,
`NEXT_FIRE_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,
`PREV_FIRE_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,
`PRIORITY` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`TRIGGER_STATE` varchar(16) NOT NULL,
`TRIGGER_TYPE` varchar(8) NOT NULL,
`START_TIME` bigint(13) NOT NULL,
`END_TIME` bigint(13) DEFAULT NULL,
`CALENDAR_NAME` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
`MISFIRE_INSTR` smallint(2) DEFAULT NULL,
`JOB_DATA` blob,
PRIMARY KEY (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_J` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_JG` (`SCHED_NAME`,`JOB_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_C` (`SCHED_NAME`,`CALENDAR_NAME`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_G` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_N_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_N_G_STATE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NEXT_FIRE_TIME` (`SCHED_NAME`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST` (`SCHED_NAME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_MISFIRE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
KEY `IDX_QRTZ_T_NFT_ST_MISFIRE_GRP` (`SCHED_NAME`,`MISFIRE_INSTR`,`NEXT_FIRE_TIME`,`TRIGGER_GROUP`,`TRIGGER_STATE`),
CONSTRAINT `qrtz_triggers_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`SCHED_NAME`, `JOB_NAME`, `JOB_GROUP`) REFERENCES `qrtz_job_details` (`SCHED_NAME`, `JOB_NAME`, `JOB_GROUP`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
1)Spring + Quartz
① 引入Quartz依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.quartz-scheduler</groupId>
<artifactId>quartz</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
② quartz.properties 配置文件
#调度器实例名称
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceName = quartzScheduler
#调度器实例编号自动生成
org.quartz.scheduler.instanceId = AUTO
#持久化方式配置
org.quartz.jobStore.class = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
#持久化方式配置数据驱动,MySQL数据库
org.quartz.jobStore.driverDelegateClass = org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
#quartz相关数据表前缀名
org.quartz.jobStore.tablePrefix = QRTZ_
#开启分布式部署
org.quartz.jobStore.isClustered = true
#配置是否使用
org.quartz.jobStore.useProperties = true
#分布式节点有效性检查时间间隔,单位:毫秒
org.quartz.jobStore.clusterCheckinInterval = 20000
#线程池实现类
org.quartz.threadPool.class = org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
#执行最大并发线程数量
org.quartz.threadPool.threadCount = 10
#线程优先级
org.quartz.threadPool.threadPriority = 5
#配置为守护线程,设置后任务将不会执行
#org.quartz.threadPool.makeThreadsDaemons=true
#配置是否启动自动加载数据库内的定时任务,默认true
org.quartz.threadPool.threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread = true
③ 定时任务
@PersistJobDataAfterExecution
@DisallowConcurrentExecution
@Component
public class MyTask extends QuartzJobBean {
private final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(MyTask.class);
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext arg0) throws JobExecutionException {
log.info("=== 执行定时任务 ===");
}
}
④ spring-quartz.xml 配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd">
<!-- 创建调度器 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" id="quartzScheduler" destroy-method="destroy">
<!-- 每台集群机器部署应用的时候会更新触发器 -->
<property name="overwriteExistingJobs" value="true" />
<property name="startupDelay" value="2" />
<property name="autoStartup" value="true" />
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager" />
<property name="applicationContextSchedulerContextKey" value="applicationContext"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:/quartz.properties"/>
<property name="triggers">
<list>
<ref bean="myTask1Trigger"/>
<!-- 启动时就需要启动 -->
<ref bean="myTask1_simpleTrigger"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 定时任务 -->
<bean id="myTask1" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
<property name="jobClass">
<value>com.cn.MyTask1</value>
</property>
<property name="requestsRecovery" value="true"></property>
<property name="durability" value="true" />
</bean>
<bean id="myTask1Trigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="myTask1"/>
<property name="cronExpression" value="0 * * * * ?"/> <!-- 每分钟执行一次 -->
</bean>
<!-- 配置项目启动后任务就执行一次 -->
<bean id="myTask1_simpleTrigger" class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SimpleTriggerFactoryBean">
<property name="jobDetail" ref="myTask1" />
<property name="startDelay" value="500" />
<property name="repeatInterval" value="0" />
<property name="repeatCount" value="0" />
</bean>
</beans>
2)SpringBoot + Quartz
① 引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-quartz</artifactId>
</dependency>
② application.yml 增加 quartz 配置
spring:
quartz:
#相关属性配置
properties:
org:
quartz:
scheduler:
instanceName: clusteredScheduler
instanceId: AUTO
jobStore:
class: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.JobStoreTX
driverDelegateClass: org.quartz.impl.jdbcjobstore.StdJDBCDelegate
tablePrefix: QRTZ_
isClustered: true
clusterCheckinInterval: 10000
useProperties: false
threadPool:
class: org.quartz.simpl.SimpleThreadPool
threadCount: 10
threadPriority: 5
threadsInheritContextClassLoaderOfInitializingThread: true
#数据库方式
job-store-type: jdbc
#初始化表结构
jdbc:
initialize-schema: always
③ 定时任务
public class CouponTimeOutJob extends QuartzJobBean {
@Override
protected void executeInternal(JobExecutionContext jobExecutionContext) throws JobExecutionException {
//这里写业务代码
System.out.println("定时任务执行了..........");
}
}
④ 定时任务配置类
@Configuration
public class QuartzConfiguration {
// 使用jobDetail包装job
@Bean
public JobDetail myCronJobDetail() {
return JobBuilder.newJob(CouponTimeOutJob.class).withIdentity("couponTimeOutJob").storeDurably().build();
}
// 把jobDetail注册到Cron表达式的trigger上去
@Bean
public Trigger CronJobTrigger() {
CronScheduleBuilder cronScheduleBuilder = CronScheduleBuilder.cronSchedule("0 0 0 */1 * ?");
return TriggerBuilder.newTrigger()
.forJob(myCronJobDetail())
.withIdentity("CouponTimeOutJobTrigger")
.withSchedule(cronScheduleBuilder)
.build();
}
}
cron表达式:
一个cron表达式有至少6个(也可能7个)有空格分隔的时间元素。
按顺序依次为
1. 秒(0~59)
2. 分钟(0~59)
3. 小时(0~23)
4. 天(月)(0~31,但是你需要考虑你月的天数)
5. 月(0~11)
6. 天(星期)(1~7 1=SUN 或 SUN,MON,TUE,WED,THU,FRI,SAT)
7. 年份(1970-2099)
"0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15触发