django rest-framework 3.类 实现restful

上节提到过，REST框架分别提供了对函数和类的装饰器，之前已经都是通过函数来写视图函数的，现在来尝试使用class 类来实现视图函数

使用基于类编写API视图，允许重用常用的功能，减少代码重复。

一、REST框架基于类实现API

根据之前的函数视图重写基于类的视图，只涉及到了重构views.py

# 第三种 类视图
from django.http import Http404
from test_app import serializer
from test_app import models
from rest_framework import views    # views.APIView 为类的装饰器
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import status    


class Game_List(views.APIView):
    def get(self, request, format=None):
        games_obj = models.Game.objects.all()
        games_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=games_obj, many=True)
        return Response(games_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

    def post(self, reqeust, format=None):
        data = reqeust.data
        game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=data)
        if game_serializer.is_valid():
            game_serializer.save()
            return Response(game_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
        return Response(game_serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

现在看起来和之前类似，但在不同的HTTP方式之间有更好的分离，继续编写更新实例视图

class Game_Info(views.APIView):
    def get_obj(self, game_id):
        try:
            return models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)
        except models.Game.DoesNotExist as not_exist:
            raise Http404

    def get(self, reqeust, game_id, format=None):   # 函数视图和类函数都可以使用路由系统传递过来的未命名分组数据
        game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id))
        return Response(game_serializer.data)

    def put(self, request, game_id, format=None):
        game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id), data=request.data)
        if game_serializer.is_valid():
            game_serializer.save()
            return Response(game_serializer.data)
        return Response(game_serializer.errors)

    def delete(self, request, game_id, format=None):
        self.get_obj(game_id).delete()
        return Response(status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

 二、使用mixins类实现视图函数

下面来使用REST框架的mixins类中实现

# 第四种 mixin类视图
from test_app import serializer
from test_app import models
from rest_framework import mixins
from rest_framework import generics


class Game_List(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

基类提供核心功能，而mixin类提供.list()和.create()操作。然后，我们将明确的绑定get和post方法绑定到适当的操作。到目前为止足够简单的东西

class Game_Info(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        print(request,args,kwargs)
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)

同样，我们正在使用的GenericAPIView类来提供核心功能，并混入增加提供.retrieve()，.update()和.destroy()方法。

三、使用泛型类视图

# 第五种 泛型类视图
from test_app import serializer
from test_app import models
from rest_framework import generics


class Game_List(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer


class Game_Info(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

汇总：

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse, JsonResponse
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt  # 忽略post请求时的csrf问题
from test_app import serializer
from test_app import models
from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer  # restful提供的序列化类
from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser  # restful提供的反序列化类

# Create your views here.

# # 第一种函数视图
# @csrf_exempt
# def game_list(request):
#     if request.method == 'GET':
#         print(request.data)
#         game = models.Game.objects.all()  # 获取数据库中所有数据
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game,
#                                                          many=True)  # 通过自定义的serializer实例化数据，many参数为True表示处理多条数据
#         # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data), status=200)  # 序列化serializer实例的数据
#         return JsonResponse(game_serializer.data,safe=False)
#     elif request.method == 'POST':
#         data = JSONParser().parse(request)  # 通过JsonParser类反序列化POST过来的数据
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=data)  # 通过反序列化后的数据创建serializer实例
#         print(game_serializer)
#         if game_serializer.is_valid():  # 通过is_valid()方法判断数据类型是否正确，这点和Django的From相似
#             game_serializer.save()  # 验证通过保存数据，这里的game_serializer是自定义serializer的create函数返回的对象，进行保存
#             # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data))  # 序列化数据返回前端
#             return JsonResponse(game_serializer.data,safe=False)
#         else:  # 验证不通过，输出对应的报错信息
#             print("验证不通过")
#             # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.errors))
#             print(type(game_serializer.errors))
#             return JsonResponse(game_serializer.errors)
#
# # 注释同上
# @csrf_exempt
# def game_info(request, game_id):
#     game_obj = models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)
#     if request.method == 'GET':
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj)
#         data = JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data)
#         return HttpResponse(data)
#     elif request.method == 'PUT':
#         data = JSONParser().parse(request)
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj, data=data)
#         if game_serializer.is_valid():
#             game_serializer.save()
#             # return HttpResponse(JSONRenderer().render(game_serializer.data))
#             return JsonResponse(game_serializer.data, status=201)
#         return JsonResponse(game_serializer.errors, status=400)
#     elif request.method == 'DELETE':
#         game_obj.delete()
#         return HttpResponse(status=204)


# 第二种函数视图
# from rest_framework import status
# from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
# from rest_framework.response import Response
# from test_app import serializer
# from test_app import models
#
#
# @api_view(['GET', 'POST'])
# def game_list(request, format=None):
#     print(format)
#     if request.method == 'GET':
#         games = models.Game.objects.all()
#         games_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=games, many=True)
#         return Response(games_serializer.data)
#     elif request.method == 'POST':
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=request.data)
#         if game_serializer.is_valid():
#             game_serializer.save()
#             return Response(game_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
#         return Response(game_serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
#
#
# @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE'])
# def game_info(request, game_id, format=None):
#     try:
#         game_obj = models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)
#     except models.Game.DoesNotExist as e:
#         return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
#         # return HttpResponse(e,status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)
#     if request.method == 'GET':
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj)
#         return Response(game_serializer.data)
#     elif request.method == 'PUT':
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=game_obj, data=request.data)
#         if game_serializer.is_valid():
#             game_serializer.save()
#             return Response(game_serializer.data)
#         return Response(game_serializer.errors)
#     elif request.method == 'DELETE':
#         game_obj.delete()
#         return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)


# # 第三种 APIView类视图
# from django.http import Http404
# from test_app import serializer
# from test_app import models
# from rest_framework import views
# from rest_framework.response import Response
# from rest_framework import status
#
#
# class Game_List(views.APIView):
#     def get(self, request, format=None):
#         print(locals())
#         games_obj = models.Game.objects.all()
#         games_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=games_obj, many=True)
#         return Response(games_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
#
#     def post(self, reqeust, format=None):
#         data = reqeust.data
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(data=data)
#         if game_serializer.is_valid():
#             game_serializer.save()
#             return Response(game_serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
#         return Response(game_serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)
#
#
# class Game_Info(views.APIView):
#     def get_obj(self, game_id):
#         try:
#             return models.Game.objects.get(id=game_id)
#         except models.Game.DoesNotExist as not_exist:
#             raise Http404
#
#     def get(self, reqeust, game_id,format=None):
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id))
#         return Response(game_serializer.data)
#
#     def put(self, request, game_id, format=None):
#         game_serializer = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer(instance=self.get_obj(game_id), data=request.data)
#         if game_serializer.is_valid():
#             game_serializer.save()
#             return Response(game_serializer.data)
#         return Response(game_serializer.errors)
#
#     def delete(self, request, game_id, format=None):
#         self.get_obj(game_id).delete()
#         return Response(status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)


# # 第四种 mixin类视图
# from test_app import serializer
# from test_app import models
# from rest_framework import mixins
# from rest_framework import generics
#
#
# class Game_List(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
#     queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer
#
#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
#     def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
#
# class Game_Info(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
#     queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer
#
#     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         print(request,args,kwargs)
#         return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
#     def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
#
#     def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
#         return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)



# 第五种 泛型类视图
from test_app import serializer
from test_app import models
from rest_framework import generics


class Game_List(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer


class Game_Info(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
    queryset = models.Game.objects.all()
    serializer_class = serializer.Test_app_model_serializer

REST视图函数的实现方法