1.实现Servlet监听器接口ServletContextListener
package com.yli.init;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import com.suning.teach.service.ShopService;
public class InitListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent context) {
// 上下文销毁之后执行
}
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent context) {
// 上下文初始化执行
System.out.println("================>[ServletContextListener]自动加载启动开始.");
// 读取Spring容器中的Bean[此时Bean已加载,可以使用]
WebApplicationContext wac = WebContextUtil.getContext();
if (wac != null) {
ShopService shopService = wac.getBean("shopService", ShopService.class);
System.out.println("================>shopService[" + shopService + "]");
List<Map<String, Object>> shopList = shopService.findAllShop();
System.out.println("================>" + shopList);
}
System.out.println("================>[ServletContextListener]自动加载启动结束.");
}
}
然后在web.xml文件配置该监听器
<listener> <listener-class>com.yli.init.InitListener</listener-class> </listener>
注意:从Spring IOC容器中读取Bean的工具类WebContextUtil
package com.yli.init;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
public class WebContextUtil {
private static WebApplicationContext wac;
public static WebApplicationContext getContext(){
if(null == wac){
wac = ContextLoader.getCurrentWebApplicationContext();
}
return wac;
}
}
2.实现Servlet的过滤器Filter
package com.yli.init;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import com.suning.teach.service.ShopService;
public class InitFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest arg0, ServletResponse arg1, FilterChain arg2) throws IOException,
ServletException {
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
System.out.println("================>[Filter]自动加载启动开始.");
// 读取Spring容器中的Bean[此时Bean已加载,可以使用]
WebApplicationContext wac = WebContextUtil.getContext();
if (wac != null) {
ShopService shopService = wac.getBean("shopService", ShopService.class);
System.out.println("================>shopService[" + shopService + "]");
List<Map<String, Object>> shopList = shopService.findAllShop();
System.out.println("================>" + shopList);
}
System.out.println("================>[Filter]自动加载启动结束.");
}
}
然后在web.xml文件配置过滤器即可
<filter> <filter-name>InitFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>com.yli.init.InitFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>InitFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
3.编写一个Servlet,在web.xml里面配置容器启动后执行即可
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import com.suning.teach.service.ShopService;
public class InitServlet extends HttpServlet {
/**
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
public void init(ServletConfig config) {
try {
super.init();
} catch (ServletException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println("================>[Servlet]自动加载启动开始.");
// 读取Spring容器中的Bean[此时Bean已加载,可以使用]
WebApplicationContext wac = WebContextUtil.getContext();
if (wac != null) {
ShopService shopService = wac.getBean("shopService", ShopService.class);
System.out.println("================>shopService[" + shopService + "]");
List<Map<String, Object>> shopList = shopService.findAllShop();
System.out.println("================>" + shopList);
}
System.out.println("================>[Servlet]自动加载启动结束.");
}
}
然后在web.xml文件配置该Servlet的启动方式为:容器启动后执行
<servlet> <servlet-name>InitServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.yli.init.InitServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>username</param-name> <param-value>yli</param-value> </init-param> <!-- 此处指定加载顺序为2,表明还有优先级更高的Servlet要先执行 --> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>InitServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
关于启动后执行,由load-on-startup指定:
(1)当值为0或者大于0时,表示容器在应用启动时就加载这个servlet。值越小,启动优先级越高;
(2)当是一个负数时或者没有指定时,表示该servlet被调用时才加载。
4.如果你使用Spring IOC作为Bean管理容器,那么可以指定init-method
其中init-method表示bean加载成功后,立即执行某个方法。配置如下:start为要执行的方法名称
<!-- service --> <bean id="shopService" class="com.yli.teach.service.ShopService" init-method="start"> <property name="shopDao" ref="shopDao" /> </bean> <!-- dao --> <bean id="shopDao" class="com.yli.teach.dao.ShopDao"> <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate" /> </bean>
Java代码如下
package com.yli.teach.service;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.yli.teach.dao.ShopDao;
public class ShopService{
private ShopDao shopDao;
// set 注入
public void setShopDao(ShopDao shopDao) {
this.shopDao = shopDao;
}
/**
*
* 〈容器启动后执行方法〉
*/
public void start(){
System.out.println("================>[init-method]自动加载启动开始.");
List<Map<String, Object>> shopList = shopDao.findAllShop();
System.out.println("================>" + shopList);
System.out.println("================>[init-method]自动加载启动结束.");
}
}
5.如果你使用Spring IOC作为Bean管理容器,还可以实现Spring的Bean后置处理器接口:BeanFactoryPostProcessor
表示:该Bean加载完成之后,Spring可以让开发者自定义一些事件,Java代码如下
package com.yli.init;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
import com.suning.teach.service.ShopService;
public class KeyWordInit implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory factory) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("================>[BeanFactoryPostProcessor]自动加载启动开始.");
ShopService shopService = factory.getBean("shopService", ShopService.class);
List<Map<String, Object>> shopList = shopService.findAllShop();
System.out.println("================>" + shopList);
System.out.println("================>[BeanFactoryPostProcessor]自动加载启动结束.");
}
}
这个Bean在xml文件做正常配置即可,如下
<bean id="keyWordInit" class="com.yli.init.KeyWordInit"> </bean>
=================关于以上5种方式代码执行顺序的说明===================
4===>5===>1===>2===>3
即指定init-method的Bean开始执行
接着实现Spring的Bean后置处理器最先开始执行
然后是Servlet的监听器执行
再接下来是Servlet的过滤器执行
最后才是Servlet执行