5.Python操作Redis：集合(Set)

Redis 数据库集合对象(set object)是由string类型的无重复元素的无需集合，底层编码可以是intset或者hashtable。intset编码的集合对象用整数集合最为底层实现，所有对象元素保存在整数集合中。

Python的redis模块实现了 SADD、SCARD 、SDIFF 、SDIFFSTORE、SINTER 、SINTERSTORE、SISMEMBER 、SMEMBERS 、SMOVE、SPOP、SRANDMEMBER、SREM、SUNION、SUNIONSTORE操作命令的基本用法，但是在用用版本的redis模块中未见SSCAN命令操作相关实现方法。

函数说明

1. SADD: 向集合对象添加成员，sadd(self, name, value)
2. SCARD : 获取集合元素个数，scard(self, name)
3. SDIFF: 返回给定多个集合对象的差集(set key1-set key2..-set keyn)，从左到右计算集合差集，sdiff(self, keys, *args)
4. SDIFFSTORE: 返回给定给定多个集合对象的差集并存储在目标（dest）集合中，sdiffstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
5. SINTER: 返回给定所有集合（keys, *args）的交集, sinter(self, keys, *args)
6. SINTERSTORE: 返回给定所有集合（keys, *args）的交集并存储在 集合(dest) 中, sinterstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
7. SISMEMBER: 判断 value元素是否是集合 name 的成员,返回布尔逻辑值True或者False， sismember(self, name, value)
8. SMEMBERS: 返回集合中所元素值的Python集合类型数据，smembers(self, name)
9. SMOVE: 将元素value从集合src移动到 集合 dest。若元素value在集合src中不存在，则集合dest中不会添加元素value， smove(self, src, dest, value)
10. SPOP: 移除并返回集合中的一个随机元素, spop(self, name)
11. SRANDMEMBER: 返回集合中一个随机数，但是不做移除操作, srandmember(self, name)。从 Redis 2.6 版本开始， 在命令行下Srandmember 命令接受可选返回元素数量的参数 redis>SRANDMEMBER name count
12. SREM: 移除集合中一个元素，srem(self, name, value)，redis模块任然沿用 Redis 2.4 版本以前的只接受单个元素的用法。
13. SUNION: 返回所有给定集合的并集中所有元素，sunion(self, keys, *args)
14. SUNIONSTORE: 所有给定集合的并集存储在集合dest 中, sunionstore(self, dest, keys, *args)

代码示例

#!/usr/bin/python
import redis
client =  redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, db=0)
if client.ping():
    print "Connect to server successfully!"
else:
    print "Connect to server failed!"

# Build a set myset (sadd), 
# redis support add multiple, maybe python module limit it to one
client.sadd('myset','redis')
client.sadd('myset','hello')
client.sadd('myset','bar')

# Return all members of the set ``name``,smembers(self, name)
setVal = client.smembers('myset')
print "All members in the set:", setVal

# Get numbers of set member, scard(self,name)
setNum = client.scard('myset')
print "Get numbers of element in the set:",setNum

# Return the difference of sets specified by ``keys``, sdiff(self, keys *args)
client.sadd('myset1','redis')
#client.sadd('myset1','hello')
client.sadd('myset2','bar')
client.sadd('myset1','hi')
setDiff = client.sdiff(['myset','myset1','myset2'])
print "The difference of sets specified by keys:",setDiff


# Store the difference of sets specified by ``keys`` into a new
# set named ``dest``.  Returns the number of keys in the new set.
# sdiffstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
client.sdiffstore('setdiff',['myset','myset1'])
setDiff = client.smembers('setdiff')
print "The difference of sets store in the new set setDiff:", setDiff

# Return the intersection of sets specified by ``keys``, sinter(self, keys, *args)
setInter = client.sinter(['myset','myset1'])
print "The intersection of sets specified by keys:",setInter

# sinterstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
# Store the intersection of sets specified by ``keys`` into a new
# set named ``dest``.  Returns the number of keys in the new set.
client.sinterstore('setinter',['myset','myset1'])
setInter = client.smembers('setinter')
print "The intererence of sets store in the new set setInter:", setInter

# Judge if element belongs to te set(sismember)
judge =['redis','foo']
for ele in judge:
    boonVal = client.sismember('myset',ele)
    if boonVal:
        print "Element",ele," belongs to set myset"
    else:
        print "Element",ele," doesn't belong to set myset"

# smove(self, src, dst, value)
# Move ``value`` from set ``src`` to set ``dst`` atomically
client.sadd('myset','world')
client.smove('myset','myset1','world')
setNew = client.smembers('myset1')
print "The distination set:", setNew

# Remove and return a random member of set ``name``, spop(self, name)
spop = client.spop('myset1')
print "Get return random element:",spop, ", remaining elements:",client.smembers('myset1')

# Return a random member of set ``name``,  srandmember(self, name),
# >2.6 return numbers can be self define
srandom = client.srandmember('myset')
print "Return random element:",srandom 

# Remove ``value`` from set ``name``, srem(self, name, value)
rem = client.srem('myset','hello')
print "Get srem boolean:",rem 

# sunion(self, keys, *args)
# Return the union of sets specifiued by ``keys``
client.sadd('myset0','special')
setUnion = client.sunion(['myset','myset0','myset1'])
print "The union of sets specified by keys:",setUnion

# sunionstore(self, dest, keys, *args)
# Store the union of sets specified by ``keys`` into a new
# set named ``dest``.  Returns the number of keys in the new set.
client.sunionstore('setunion',['myset','myset1'])
setUnion = client.smembers('setunion')
print "The union of sets store in the new set setUnion:", setUnion

# no SSCAN

#Empty db
client.flushdb()

结果释疑

运行差集部分涉及到的集合有myset(‘redis’, ‘bar’, ‘hello’), myset1(‘redis’, ‘hi’), myset2(‘bar’), 按照正常逻辑diff =myset-myset1-myset2, diff1=myset-myset1=( ‘bar’, ‘hello’), diff= diff1-myset2=(‘hello’)，对应第一行差集结果，而第二行差集结果显示我diff1内容，说明sdiff以及sdiffstore很好的支持了多个集合差集滴运算。该部分运行结果如下：

The difference of sets specified by keys: set(['hello'])
The difference of sets store in the new set setDiff: set(['bar', 'hello'])

参考资料
1、Redis 集合(Set)
2、Python redis文档（python交互模式下命令>>>help redis）
3、Redis设计与实现（数据库技术丛书），黄建宏
4、Python中的集合类型（笔记）