std::async比std::promise,std::packaged_task更高一层,它可以创建异步的task,异步任务返回的结果也保存在future中。当获取异步任务的结果时,调用future.get();不关注异步任务的结果,只等待任务完成的话,调用future.wait()。
async的声明:
async(std::launch::async | std::launch::deferred, f, args...)
(1)第一个参数:线程的创建策略
std::launch::async:调用async时就开始创建线程。
std::launch::deferred:延迟加载方式创建线程。
(2)第二个参数:线程函数
(3)第三个参数:线程函数的参数
async的基本用法:
std::future<int> f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [](){
return 8;
});
cout << f1.get() << endl;
输出:
8
std::future<int> f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [](){
cout << 8 << endl;
});
f2.wait();
输出:
8
std::future<int> future = std::async(std::launch::async, [](){
std::this_thread::sleep(std::chrono::seconds(3));
return 8;
});
cout << "waiting..." << endl;
std::future_status status;
do {
status = future.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(1));
if (status == std::future_status::deferred) {
cout << "deferred" << endl;
} else if (status == std::future_status::timeout) {
cout << "timeout" << endl;
} else if (status == std::future_status::ready) {
cout << "ready" << endl;
}
} while (status != std::future_status::ready);
cout << "result is " << futute.get() << endl;
可能输出:
waiting...
timeout
timeout
ready
result is 8