v4l2-ctl基本使用方法

v4l2-ctl使用帮助可以参考：https://www.mankier.com/1/v4l2-ctl

1 v4l2-ctl --list-devices

列出所有设备

USB 2.0 Camera: USB Camera (usb-0000:00:14.0-9):
        /dev/video0
        /dev/video1

一个USB camera对应两个设备：一个是图像/视频采集，一个是metadata采集。

2 v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext --device path/to/video_device

列出指定设备的预览支持格式
v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext --device /dev/video0

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
        Type: Video Capture

        [0]: 'MJPG' (Motion-JPEG, compressed)
                Size: Discrete 2592x1944
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 2560x1440
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 2048x1536
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1920x1080
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1600x1200
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1280x960
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1280x720
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1024x768
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 800x600
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 640x480
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 320x240
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 2592x1944
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
        [1]: 'YUYV' (YUYV 4:2:2)
                Size: Discrete 2592x1944
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 2048x1536
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1920x1080
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1600x1200
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1280x960
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1280x720
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 1024x768
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 800x600
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 640x480
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 320x240
                        Interval: Discrete 0.033s (30.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.040s (25.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.050s (20.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.067s (15.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.100s (10.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                Size: Discrete 2592x1944
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)
                        Interval: Discrete 0.200s (5.000 fps)

v4l2-ctl --list-formats-ext --device /dev/video1

ioctl: VIDIOC_ENUM_FMT
        Type: Video Capture

3 v4l2-ctl --all --device path/to/video_device

获取指定设备的所有信息
v4l2-ctl --all --device /dev/video0

Driver Info:
        Driver name      : uvcvideo
        Card type        : USB 2.0 Camera: USB Camera
        Bus info         : usb-0000:00:14.0-9
        Driver version   : 5.11.22
        Capabilities     : 0x84a00001
                Video Capture
                Metadata Capture
                Streaming
                Extended Pix Format
                Device Capabilities
        Device Caps      : 0x04200001
                Video Capture
                Streaming
                Extended Pix Format
Priority: 2
Video input : 0 (Camera 1: ok)
Format Video Capture:
        Width/Height      : 1920/1080
        Pixel Format      : 'MJPG' (Motion-JPEG)
        Field             : None
        Bytes per Line    : 0
        Size Image        : 4147789
        Colorspace        : Default
        Transfer Function : Default (maps to Rec. 709)
        YCbCr/HSV Encoding: Default (maps to ITU-R 601)
        Quantization      : Default (maps to Full Range)
        Flags             :
Crop Capability Video Capture:
        Bounds      : Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080
        Default     : Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080
        Pixel Aspect: 1/1
Selection Video Capture: crop_default, Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080, Flags:
Selection Video Capture: crop_bounds, Left 0, Top 0, Width 1920, Height 1080, Flags:
Streaming Parameters Video Capture:
        Capabilities     : timeperframe
        Frames per second: 30.000 (30/1)
        Read buffers     : 0
                     brightness 0x00980900 (int)    : min=-64 max=64 step=1 default=0 value=0
                       contrast 0x00980901 (int)    : min=0 max=64 step=1 default=32 value=32
                     saturation 0x00980902 (int)    : min=0 max=128 step=1 default=70 value=70
                            hue 0x00980903 (int)    : min=-40 max=40 step=1 default=0 value=0
white_balance_temperature_auto 0x0098090c (bool)   : default=1 value=1
                          gamma 0x00980910 (int)    : min=72 max=500 step=1 default=100 value=100
                           gain 0x00980913 (int)    : min=0 max=100 step=1 default=0 value=0
           power_line_frequency 0x00980918 (menu)   : min=0 max=2 default=1 value=1
                                0: Disabled
                                1: 50 Hz
                                2: 60 Hz
      white_balance_temperature 0x0098091a (int)    : min=2800 max=6500 step=1 default=4600 value=4600 flags=inactive
                      sharpness 0x0098091b (int)    : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=3 value=3
         backlight_compensation 0x0098091c (int)    : min=0 max=2 step=1 default=1 value=1
                  exposure_auto 0x009a0901 (menu)   : min=0 max=3 default=3 value=3
                                1: Manual Mode
                                3: Aperture Priority Mode
              exposure_absolute 0x009a0902 (int)    : min=1 max=5000 step=1 default=157 value=157 flags=inactive

v4l2-ctl --all --device /dev/video1

Driver Info:
        Driver name      : uvcvideo
        Card type        : USB 2.0 Camera: USB Camera
        Bus info         : usb-0000:00:14.0-9
        Driver version   : 5.11.22
        Capabilities     : 0x84a00001
                Video Capture
                Metadata Capture
                Streaming
                Extended Pix Format
                Device Capabilities
        Device Caps      : 0x04a00000
                Metadata Capture
                Streaming
                Extended Pix Format
Priority: 2
Format Metadata Capture:
        Sample Format   : 'UVCH' (UVC Payload Header Metadata)
        Buffer Size     : 1024

4 v4l2-ctl --device path/to/video_device --set-fmt-video=width=width,height=height,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=path/to/output.jpg --stream-count=1

从特定设备以特定分辨率抓图
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output_1920.jpg --stream-count=1
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=2560,height=1440,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output_2560.jpg --stream-count=1
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=2592,height=1944,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output_2592.jpg --stream-count=1
FastStoneImageViewer对比看图，1920x1080先scale到2560*1080。
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=YUYV --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output_1920.yuyv --stream-count=1
...

5 v4l2-ctl --device path/to/video_device --set-fmt-video=width=width,height=height,pixelformat=format --stream-mmap --stream-to=path/to/output --stream-count=number_of_frames_to_capture

从特定设备以特定分辨率抓流
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output --stream-count=100
支持264的可以编码为h264看
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=H264 --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output --stream-count=100
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=1920,height=1080,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output.mjpg --stream-count=300
找到了可以播放mjpg格式的软件：完美解码的PotPlayer

注意：output.mjpg是输出的文件，默认用PotPlayer软件打开
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=2560,height=1440,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output_2560.mjpg --stream-count=30
v4l2-ctl --device /dev/video0 --set-fmt-video=width=2592,height=1944,pixelformat=MJPG --stream-mmap --stream-to=./output_2592.mjpg --stream-count=300

6 v4l2-ctl --list-ctrls --device /path/to/video_device

列出设备控制值
v4l2-ctl --list-ctrls --device /dev/video0

                     brightness 0x00980900 (int)    : min=-64 max=64 step=1 default=0 value=0
                       contrast 0x00980901 (int)    : min=0 max=64 step=1 default=32 value=32
                     saturation 0x00980902 (int)    : min=0 max=128 step=1 default=70 value=70
                            hue 0x00980903 (int)    : min=-40 max=40 step=1 default=0 value=0
white_balance_temperature_auto 0x0098090c (bool)   : default=1 value=1
                          gamma 0x00980910 (int)    : min=72 max=500 step=1 default=100 value=100
                           gain 0x00980913 (int)    : min=0 max=100 step=1 default=0 value=0
           power_line_frequency 0x00980918 (menu)   : min=0 max=2 default=1 value=1
      white_balance_temperature 0x0098091a (int)    : min=2800 max=6500 step=1 default=4600 value=4600 flags=inactive
                      sharpness 0x0098091b (int)    : min=0 max=6 step=1 default=3 value=3
         backlight_compensation 0x0098091c (int)    : min=0 max=2 step=1 default=1 value=1
                  exposure_auto 0x009a0901 (menu)   : min=0 max=3 default=3 value=3
              exposure_absolute 0x009a0902 (int)    : min=1 max=5000 step=1 default=157 value=157 flags=inactive

7 v4l2-ctl --stream-mmap --stream-to-host <hostname>

Stream video from /dev/video0 and stream it over the network

8 v4l2-ctl --stream-dmabuf --export-device /dev/video2

Stream video from /dev/video0 using DMABUFs exported from /dev/video2

9 v4l2-ctl --stream-mmap --stream-out-mmap

Stream video from a memory-to-memory device

10 v4l2-ctl -d1 --stream-mmap --out-device /dev/video2 --stream-out-dmabuf

Stream video from a capture video device (/dev/video1) to an output video device (/dev/video2)