Sicily 1501. Minimal Backgammon

1501. Minimal Backgammon

Constraints

Time Limit: 1 secs, Memory Limit: 32 MB , Special Judge

Description

Figure 2: An example game

Here is a very simple variation of the game backgammon, named Minimal Backgammon. The game is played by only one player, using only one of the dice and only one checker (the token used by the player).

The game board is a line of (N + 1) squares labeled as 0 (the start) to N(the goal). At the beginning, the checker is placed on the start (square 0). The aim of the game is to bring the checker to the goal (square N). The checker proceeds as many squares as the roll of the dice. The dice generates six integers from 1 to 6 with equal probability.

The checker should not go beyond the goal. If the roll of the dice would bring the checker beyond the goal, the checker retreats from the goal as many squares as the excess. For example, if the checker is placed at the square (N ? 3), the roll 5 brings the checker to the square (N ? 2), because the excess beyond the goal is 2. At the next turn, the checker proceeds toward the goal as usual.

Each square, except the start and the goal, may be given one of the following two special instructions.

• Lose one turn (labeled L in Figure 2)
  If the checker stops here, you cannot move the checker in the next turn.

• Go back to the start (labeled B in Figure 2)
  If the checker stops here, the checker is brought back to the start.

Given a game board configuration (the size N, and the placement of the special instructions), you are requested to compute the probability with which the game succeeds within a given number of turns.

Input

The input consists of multiple datasets, each containing integers in the following format.

N T L B
Lose₁
?
Lose_L
Back₁
?
Back_B

N is the index of the goal, which satisfies 5 ? N ? 100. T is the number of turns. You are requested to compute the probability of success within T turns. T satisfies 1 ? T ? 100. L is the number of squares marked Lose one turn, which satisfies 0 ? L ? N ? 1. B is the number of squares marked Go back to the start, which satisfies 0 ? B ? N ? 1. They are separated by a space.

Lose_is are the indexes of the squares marked Lose one turn, which satisfy 1 ? Lose_i ? N ? 1. All Lose_is are distinct, and sorted in ascending order. Back_is are the indexes of the squares marked Go back to the start, which satisfy 1 ? Back_i ? N ? 1. All Back_is are distinct, and sorted in ascending order. No numbers occur both in Lose_is and Back_is.

The end of the input is indicated by a line containing four zeros separated by a space.

Output

For each dataset, you should answer the probability with which the game succeeds within the given number of turns. The output should not contain an error greater than 0.00001.

Sample Input

6 1 0 0
7 1 0 0
7 2 0 0
6 6 1 1
2
5
7 10 0 6
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 0 0 0

Sample Output

0.166667
0.000000
0.166667
0.619642
0.000000

Problem Source

Tokyo 2007

概率动态规划，用dp[i][j]表示第i次掷色子在j处的概率。

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <queue>
#include <string.h>
#include <vector>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <stack>
#include <functional>
#include <list>
using namespace std;

#define MAX_TURN 105
#define MAX_N 105

double dp[MAX_TURN][MAX_N];
int board[MAX_N];

int main() {

    //std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);

    while (1) {

        int n, t, l, b;

        memset(board, 0, sizeof(board));

        cin >> n >> t >> l >> b;

        for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) {

            int p;

            cin >> p;

            board[p] = 1;

        }

        for (int i = 0; i < b; i++) {

            int p;

            cin >> p;

            board[p] = 2;

        }

        if (n + t + l + b == 0) break;

        memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));

        dp[0][0] = 1;

        for (int i = 0; i < t; i++) {

            for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {

                for (int k = 1; k <= 6; k++) {

                    int nextPos = j + k;

                    if (nextPos > n) nextPos = n - (nextPos - n);

                    if (board[nextPos] == 0) {

                        dp[i + 1][nextPos] += dp[i][j] / 6;

                    } else if (board[nextPos] == 1) {

                        if (i + 2 <= t) dp[i + 2][nextPos] += dp[i][j] / 6;

                    } else {

                        dp[i + 1][0] += dp[i][j] / 6;

                    }

                }

            }

        }

        double ans = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i <= t; i++) ans += dp[i][n];

        printf("%.6lf\n", ans);

    }
 
    //getchar();
    //getchar();
    return 0;
}