【10】SpringBoot与数据访问

说明

对于数据访问层,无论是SQL还是NOSQL,Spring Boot默认采用整合
Spring Data的方式进行统一处理,添加大量自动配置,屏蔽了很多设置。引入
各种xxxTemplate,xxxRepository来简化我们对数据访问层的操作。对我们来
说只需要进行简单的设置即可。

  • DataSourceAutoConfiguration:数据源的自动配置
  • DataSourceProperties:数据源的相关配置

整合Druid数据源

创建工程

在这里插入图片描述

引入druid

在Maven仓库查找Druid的依赖:点击查看
pom.xml中引入:

<!-- 引入Druid依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.8</version>
</dependency>

yaml基本配置

spring:
  datasource:
  	#数据源基本配置
    username: root
    password: 123456
    ##springboot 2.x中,com.mysql.jdbc.Driver已过期,请使用com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.113:13306/jdbc
    ##默认数据源为:org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
    ##修改数据源为:com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
	

新建测试用例

@SpringBootTest
class SpringBoot06DataJdbcApplicationTests {
	@Autowired
	DataSource dataSource;
	@Test
	void contextLoads() throws SQLException {
		System.out.println("数据源:" + dataSource.getClass());
		Connection connection = dataSource.getConnection();
		System.out.println("数据源链接:" + connection);
		connection.close();
	}
}

测试用例输出,说明数据源已经切换为了Druid的数据源:

数据源:class com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

添加yaml其他配置

spring:
  datasource:
  	#数据源基本配置
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.113:13306/jdbc
    ##默认数据源为:org.apache.tomcat.jdbc.pool.DataSource
    ##修改数据源为:com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
	
	#数据源其他配置
	initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    
    #配置监控统计拦截的filters,去掉后监控界面sql无法统计,'wall'用于防火墙  
    filters: stat,wall,log4j
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true  
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500

启用druid

新建配置类DruidConfig:

@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {

    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
    @Bean
    public DataSource druid(){
        return new DruidDataSource();
    }

    /*配置Druid的监控*/

    //1.配置一个管理后台的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");
        initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");
        initParams.put("allow","");//默认就是允许所有访问
        initParams.put("deny","192.168.0.113");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }

    //2.配置一个web监控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
        return  bean;
    }
}

监控后台

在浏览器输入:http://localhost:8080/druid,即可进入监控后台:
在这里插入图片描述


整合Mybatis

配置数据源相关属性(见上一节《整合Druid》)

创建数据表

#创建department表
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for department
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `department`;
CREATE TABLE `department` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `departmentName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
#创建employee表
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;
-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for employee
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `employee`;
CREATE TABLE `employee` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `lastName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `gender` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
  `d_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

创建JavaBean

//Employee类
public class Employee {
    private Integer id;
    private String lastName;
    private Integer gender;
    private String email;
    private Integer dId;
    //getter、setter...
}
//Department类
public class Department {
    private Integer id;
    private String departmentName;
    //getter、setter...
}

操作数据库(注解版)

创建Mapper
@Mapper注解可以不写在Mapper类中,可在SpringBoot的启动类中添加@MapperScan({ "com.xx.xx.mapper" }),也能起到同样效果:

@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
    @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
    public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
}

创建Controller

@RestController
public class DepartmentController {
    @Autowired
    DepartmentMapper dMapper;
    @GetMapping("/dept/{id}")
    public Department getDepartment(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return dMapper.getDeptById(id);
    }
}

创建驼峰命名映射(可不加)

//配置mybatis驼峰命名映射
@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MyBatisConfig {
    @Bean//加入到容器中
    public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
        return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
            @Override
            public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
                configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
            }
        };
    }
}

在浏览器中请求:http://localhost:8080/dept/1(提前插入一条ID为1的数据):
在这里插入图片描述
查询成功!!

操作数据库(配置文件版)

在classpath目录下的创建/mybatis/mapper,如图所示:
在这里插入图片描述
创建全局配置文件mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
	<!--配置驼峰命名映射规则,跟上一节《操作数据库(注解版)》中的MyBatisConfig作用相同-->
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
    </settings>
</configuration>

创建Mapper
@Mapper注解可以不写在Mapper类中,可在SpringBoot的启动类中添加@MapperScan({ "com.xx.xx.mapper" }),也能起到同样效果:

@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper {
    @Select("select * from department where id=#{id}")
    public Department getDeptById(Integer id);
}

创建Controller

@RestController
public class EmployeeController {
    @Autowired
    EmployeeMapper eMapper;

    @GetMapping("/emp/{id}")
    public Employee getEmp(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return eMapper.getEmpById(id);
    }
}

创建sql映射文件xxxMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springboot.mapper.EmployeeMapper">
   <!--    public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);

    public void insertEmp(Employee employee);-->
    <select id="getEmpById" resultType="com.atguigu.springboot.bean.Employee">
        SELECT * FROM employee WHERE id=#{id}
    </select>
</mapper>

在application.yml中添加mybatis配置:

mybatis:
  # 声明全局配置文件的路径
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
  # 声明sql映射文件的路径
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*

在浏览器中请求:http://localhost:8080/emp/1(提前插入一条ID为1的数据):
在这里插入图片描述
查询成功!!

整合SpringData JPA

未完持续

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